Volume 7 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

Mangroves are halophytic species and help stabilise the coasts and river lines, protecting them from tides, waves, and heavy wind. It also functions as a breeding and feeding ground for several aquatic species. India represents the world's 5% mangrove forest cover. The River Tirur originates from the Athavanad village and flows into the Arabian Sea through the coastal town of Ponnani. The main threat to mangrove forests is anthropogenic activities compared to natural phenomena. The majority of these ecosystems are converted into farmlands, resorts, aquaculture, and other building activities. A transect measuring 8Km (4Km from urban and 4 Km from the suburban area) was selected to study the mangrove diversity and existing threats to the mangrove forests of the river Tirur. A 100m line transect was laid in each of the 1 Km for studying vegetation. A total of 8 species were identified and 286 individuals recorded. In the urban area, we could locate two species, namely Sonniratia caseolans (n=1) and Avicennia officinalis (n=23). In the rural area, we identified 6 species, of which the species Sonniratia caseolans (189) and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (36) were observed in high numbers. The least recorded species were Bruguiera sexangula (n=5) and Kandella candel (n=6). The study revealed the highest density of Sonniratia caseolans and Avicennia officinalis. The local residents reported that, over a period of time, the mangrove forest patches have undergone a considerable decrease. Residents are aware of the important functions of the mangrove ecosystem, and the identified services are prevention from soil erosion, supporting bird diversity, providing fodder for cattle, and protection from heavy wind. The identified threats to the mangrove forest were river beautification activities, encroachment along the riverside, and the Koottayi regulator cum bridge.

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 Keywords

Mangorve species, diversity, environmental awareness, conservation

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In recent decades, consumers and producers have voiced concerns about the effects of products on the environment. Products that are thought to be "green" or environmentally friendly, such as low-power (energy-efficient) electrical appliances, organic foods, lead-free paints, recyclable paper, and phosphate-free detergents, have drawn the attention of both consumers and manufacturers. The significance of the Green Marketing Concept is also being recognized by marketers in India. While there has been a lot of global research on green marketing, there hasn't been much scholarly study done in India on customer perceptions and preferences. An overview of environmental issues is given in this research, along with information on consumers' green values, awareness of environmental issues, and green habits and products. Consumers place a high value on green products, research has provided useful insights for green product marketers and indicates the necessity to create marketing communication campaigns supporting green products. This study supports the idea that customer preference and purchase decisions are positively influenced by general green values, consumer awareness of green practices and products, and consumer perceptions of the seriousness of marketing firms' commitment to green marketing.

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 Keywords

green marketing, consumer preferences, green products, marketing communication campaign

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The market for eco-friendly cosmetics has grown significantly in the last few years. Concurrently, there has been a rise in scholarly interest in the topic. However, the information is inconsistent overall. Despite the growing corpus of literature, no thorough compilation and integration of empirical research examining the variables associated with green cosmetics purchase behaviour (GCPB) has been carried out. This study makes an effort to close this gap. We conducted this systematic review. The elements of the theory of planned behaviour that were most commonly demonstrated as determinants were attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Then came the "marketing mix, consumer consciousness issues, consumer values, brand-related attributes, experience and knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers". Consequently, this research will aid in the understanding of the knowledge barrier by academics. Moreover, the findings of this review will help marketers frame their marketing strategies for promoting green cosmetic products.

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 Keywords

Green cosmetics; Purchase Behavior Systematic Review; Sustainability, E-WOM.

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 Abstract

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Analyzing the evolution of women's rights within the Indian judicial system over the past two centuries presents a multifaceted and intricate narrative. The journey of women's rights in India has been marked by several milestones, setbacks, and incremental progress. In this article, we will embark on a detailed exploration of the legal landscape pertaining to women's rights in the Indian judicial system from the colonial era to the present day.

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The evaluation of women's rights in the Indian judicial system over the past 200 years.

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Ladakh, nestled in the Himalayas, faces escalating climate change impacts, necessitating an in-depth understanding of local perceptions and adaptive strategies. This study explores Ladakh's socio-cultural dynamics, livelihood impacts, and adaptive responses to climate change. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including interviews, surveys, and observation, the research unveils a diverse array of local perceptions. Some attribute weather changes to natural variability, while others express concerns about increasing temperatures and glacial retreat. These impacts reverberate across livelihoods, notably agriculture and pastoralism, prompting resilience and adaptability through traditional practices, modern technologies, and community-based initiatives. Ladakh experiences a cold desert climate characterized by extreme temperatures and sparse vegetation. Home to diverse ethnic groups, Ladakh's cultural heritage faces threats from climate change-induced glacier retreat and erratic precipitation, impacting water security, agriculture, and ecosystems. The findings underscore the intricate interplay of socio-cultural, ecological, and economic factors shaping Ladakh's response to climate change. Despite challenges, communities exhibit resilience, drawing upon traditional wisdom and innovative practices. Notably, perceptions of natural variability and recognition of anthropogenic influences underscore nuanced understandings of climate dynamics. Adaptive strategies encompass traditional practices, technological innovations, and community-based initiatives, reflecting a multifaceted approach to building resilience. This research offers comprehensive insights into Ladakh's local perceptions, livelihood impacts, and adaptive capacities, informing targeted interventions and policy frameworks. By recognizing and leveraging local knowledge systems, stakeholders can collaboratively address the complex challenges posed by climate change in Ladakh and beyond.

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Ladakh; climate change; local perceptions; socio-cultural dynamics; livelihood impacts; adaptive strategies

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This research paper provides an in-depth analysis of fiscal and monetary policies in India, with a focus on the prevailing economic conditions. Against the backdrop of global economic uncertainties and domestic challenges, this paper examines the roles, objectives, and effectiveness of fiscal and monetary policies in promoting economic stability, growth, and development in India. Simultaneously, the evaluation of monetary policy under the purview of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is examined. The RBI's monetary policy framework, guided by the objective of maintaining inflation within a target range while supporting growth, is analyzed in depth. The adoption of inflation targeting, coupled with forward-looking communication strategies, has enhanced the effectiveness and credibility of monetary policy. However, challenges such as volatile global financial conditions and transmission mechanisms pose significant hurdles to the efficacy of monetary policy transmission in India. Furthermore, it evaluates the policy response to emerging challenges and offers insights into the future trajectory of fiscal and monetary policies in India.

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Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Economic Stability, India

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The idea of visual education is not new. It appears that over long centuries outstanding teachers have tried to devise ways to make concepts clearer to their pupils through the use of various devices. It is said that 2500 years ago the Greek mathematician Pythagoras drew geometric figures in the sand when making his demonstrations. History suggests that the basic condition which strongly encourages study and experimentation in visual aids was one which was the danger of what William James called it "Empty Verbalism" concepts; to have meaning for the learners must be grounded in his personal experience. Many students of Educational method are convinced that the most serious problem of all formal teaching from Kindergarten through college is the avoidance of meaningless verbalisation. The avoidance of excessive verbalism was a basic consideration in the pedagogical theories of Johann Amos Comenius (1592-1670). Comenius was greatly disturbed by the prevailing methods and materials of instruction in use in his day. He was convinced that improvement in Teaching and learning would necessitate more emphasis on sense experience, in order that the formal teaching would be grounded in the experience of children and would thus be meaningful to them. This conviction led him to prepare one of the most famous text book ever written for children, ORBIS PICTUS (meaning the world in pictures). This book contained numerous pictures of scenes from everyday life of the times accompanied by textual material for children to read. In his book Comenius gave the following directions to the teachers and parents who were to use the materials with children.

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Visual Instructional Devices

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstracts The study looks at mechanisms for improving and stabilising the financial performance of commercial banks in India. More specifically, this study aimed to assess corporate governance's influence on financial performance regarding asset quality, efficiency use of equity, earning ability, capital adequacy, and liquidity. The study blanketed the board issue of governance and board control, constructs that have no longer been studied previously in assessing the effect of company governance on the performance of commercial banks. Other constructs included are the board's gender diversity, board size, directors' shareholding, board manage, board members' over boarding, board sports, and the life of essential board committees. There are many factors which have an effect on Corporate Governance. It is highly. Difficult to understand Corporate Governance and outline it. Yet, research is vital to apprehend the converting particular wishes of correct Corporate Governance practices and the impact of such practices. Newline In this examine the Corporate Governance of banks in India has been studied with the help of a Corporate Governance Index mainly designed for banks. Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR) and Net NPA ratio had been taken as independent variables. A vulnerable correlation changed into observed among CG and ROA and NIM and notably high relation became established among CG and PBV and Tobin s Q. The governance practices and financial overall performance of personal banks.

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Key words: Corporate governance, financial performance, banking sector, organisation theory, Stake holder concept.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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According to WHO globalization can be defined as the enlarged interconnectedness and interdependence of peoples and countries. It can be generally understood to include two inter-related elements: the opening of international borders to increasingly fast flows of goods, services, finance, people and ideas; and the changes in institutions and policies at national and international levels that make possible or promote such stream. The term globalisation has come to mean the way in which the world economy is run and occupied by multi-national corporate and the international organizations/institutions they tend to control 'Globalization' was the zeitgeist of the 1990s and onwards. In the social sciences, it gave rise to the claim that deepening interconnectedness was fundamentally transforming the nature of human society, and was replacing the sovereign state with a multi-layered, multilateral system of global governance. The impact globalization influence on technical progress especially in information technology, worldwide communication and global transportation. This collision not only influences on manufacturing and transportation of goods but also services and knowledge can flow much more easily because of innovations such as the internet. The second important role is the shift in policy orientation as governments everywhere have reduced barriers that had restricted the development of domestic markets and their links to the international economy. (MeenuAgarwal, 2008, pp., xviii).

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The Impact of globalization among the Marginal Farmers: Issues and challenges

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