Volume 8 | Issue 2 |

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endodontic therapy, Herojit's method, root canal

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The Economical and overall development of rural sector depends upon the panchayat raj system in India. Rural development generally refers to the process of improving the quality of life and economic wellbeing of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas. Rural development has traditionally centered on the exploitation of land-intensive natural resources such as agriculture and forestry. However, changes in global production networks and increased urbanization have changed the character of rural areas. Increasingly tourism, niche manufacturers, and recreation have replaced resource extraction and agriculture as dominant economic drivers. The Gram Panchayat is a parliament of any village today in India has 238617 gram panchayat and 180032grampanchayat Gghars.

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PANCHAYAT RAJ SYATEM

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The maximum lifetime routing problem in wireless sensor networks has received increasing attention in recent years. One way is to formulate it as a linear programming problem by maximizing the time at which the first node runs out of energy subject to the flow conservation constraints. The solutions in this problem correspond to the rates allocated to each link. In this paper, propose the use of a regularization method which can jointly maximize the network lifetime and minimize another objective (e.g., packet delay). Most of the sensor nodes are battery powered. The limited amount of energy in each node is one of the bottlenecks. One simple approach is to minimize the power consumed to deliver a packet to the destination. The typical solution is to use the shortest path with link costs equal to the energy required in each link to transmit a packet. Another approach is to maximize the lifetime of the network. There are various ways to define the lifetime of a WSN. It can be defined as the time at which the first node runs out of its energy.

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: WSNS, Distributed Data, Energy Efficiency,Routing model,Hotspot problem in wireless sensor networks

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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of yoga practices on selected physical variables among college men football players. It was hypothesized that there would be significant differences on selected physical components due to the effect of yoga practices among college men football players. For the present study the 30 male college football players from sree kerala Varam College thrissur , St Thomas College thrissur , Kerala, India were selected at random and their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. For the present study pre test and post-test random group design, which consists of control group and experimental group was used. The subjects were randomly assigned to two equal groups of fifteen each and named as Group �A �and Group �B?. Group �A? underwent yoga practices and Group �B? have not underwent any training. Power and flexibility were assessed by standing board jump and sit and reach test. The data were collected before and after nine weeks of training. The data were analysed by applying t-test. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The experimental group showed better improvement on speed and agility skills among college men football players than the control group.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Yoga practices, power, flexibility, football

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract The status of women has been a key issue since ancient period and still it is a big matter of concern in twenty first century. Though there are laws to protect the rights of women, they are far behind from all such legal facilities. Fixed minimum wage, equal pay for equal work, maternity leave, medical aid and other such basic essentials provided to any employee are still a mirage for domestic workers . While all other workers have their unions, domestic workers remain ill organised. As said by Tine Staermose, the Director, International Labour Organisation, �there is an urgent need for the recognition of the people engaged in domestic work within an employment relationship as workers and to bring them under the labour legislation so they can access services and benefits similar to other workers�. There are close to 10 million domestic workers in India but despite significant contributions made by the work force in the country, society remains slow in recognising people engaged in domestic work because of which such people keep struggling to earn a living (ILO, 2014). The present paper has brought the situation of female domestic workers into common forum for discussion in future.

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Key words: Minimum wage, ill organised, labour legislation, vulnerable, legal facility

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Abstract: The crucial role of parents and family in caring, nurturing, protecting and socializing young children is well established across the cultures. Parenting can influence children�s social, emotional and academic adjustment effects have been made to determine factors that affect parenting behaviour. The data were collected from 50 parents (25 from children with ADHD and 25 from parents of normal children). Socio-personal data and parenting style were assessed by interview and self report. 80% had moderate permissive parenting style in ADHD group and 10(40%) had mild permissive parenting style and 11(44%) had moderate permissive parenting style in normal group.

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Key words: Parenting style, parenting, children with ADHD, normal children.

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When it comes to the discussion of fiction, the first thing that strikes us is that whether the discussion is on the genre fiction or the literary fiction. This paper aims to focus on both the genre fiction and literary fiction. The intention of the paper is to highlight the debate that generally goes on between the genre/ popular fiction and literary/ serious fiction. The paper tries to focus on how the world of literature is divided between the genre fiction and the literary fiction. There is a group that believes literary fiction to be the real fiction thereby discarding genre fiction as a part of literature. Whereas there are people who are generally found devouring on the genre fiction most of the time, they find the literary fiction to be flat and lifeless. It is because of this distinction in the thoughts between the two groups, there is a tug of war between the genre fiction and the literary fiction. It is this debate that the paper tries to focus on. Further, the paper tries to define what fiction is all about and at the same time tries an attempt to explicate genre fiction and the literary fiction. The purpose of the paper is to show whether there is actually any difference between the genre fiction and literary fiction or it is just a prejudiced notion in the mind of the literary critics. The paper aims at showing the discrimination done between both the fictions. There is always a competition found between both the fictions in which one is always considered as superior whereas the other is always considered inferior; one is always highly positioned whereas the other is always at low- ranking. The intention of both the fictions may be same- to be read, acknowledged and appreciated by the readers, but the readers on the other hand, always distinguish between the two, thereby accepting one and rejecting the other. This is what the paper tries to show here. There are many great writers, many great literary critics who have shared their views on the literary fiction and the genre fiction, and the paper tries to take their help in order to justify the points that have already been mentioned here. The paper has taken the help of Arthur Krystal�s Easy Writers Guilty Pleasures Without Guilt; Lev Grossman�s Literary Revolution in the Supermarket Aisle: Genre Fiction is Disruptive Technology; W.H. Auden�s The Guilty Vicarage: Notes on the detective story by an old addict; Edmund Wilson�s Why Do People Read Detective Stories; Leslie A. Fielder�s Towards a Definition of Popular Literature; and the paper has also taken the help from different websites where the articles based on the debate between genre fiction and literary fiction are found.

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Fiction, Literary fiction/ Serious fiction, Genre fiction/ Popular fiction, literary group, common people, entertainment, reality, hegemony, mass group, elite group, marginalization

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The constant demand for heavier, longer, faster and more efficient rail freight vehicles, onboard fault detection system appear as a good approach for enhanced railway asset exploitation. Today accidents occur due to many reasons. One of the main reasons is brake failure which may lead to derailment. If the brake or shock absorber fails, then the LED display indicates engine driver with a buzzer sound. If derailment occurs, the message will be send by GSM and GPS to the nearby station.

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Buzzer, Brake wire, Brake lever, Fault Detection, Wagon, Brake Failure, Shock Absorber.

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ABSTRACT Financial reporting is as old as existence of Joint Stock Companies. The need of financial reporting arises due to separation of ownership and management of the companies. In India financial reporting is regulated by the enactment of the Chartered Accountants Act, 1949 and The Companies Act, 1956 and earlier Companies Act. For long time Indian Corporates were working in the separate isolated compartment, somewhat immune from global environment and reporting was concentrated within the needs of domestic arena only. ICAI with issuance of Accounting Standards was successfully able to standardise the Indian Reporting System. With the popular LPG reforms a new era of competitive environment was thrown open to Indian corporates, which not only led to consolidation of Indian corporates with foreign multinational and transnational organisations, but also required Indian reporting system to sync with global standard to facilitate comparison among all global business entities. International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) provides a standardised reporting system to facilitate easy comparison of different business entities to serve unique needs of its various stakeholders. This paper discusses the needs for IFRS, its adoption procedure in India and the utility for India in adopting IFRS, the problems and challenges faced by the stakeholders and its impact on India. Further, this paper also tries to bring about the ways through which these problems can be addressed.

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Keywords: IASB, Financial Reporting, IFRS, the Companies Act, 2013, IND-AS

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Internet registration usually requires one sort of the Completely Automated Public Turing test to inform Computer and Human Apart (CAPTCHA) to avoid illegal registration through computer programs called bots. The CAPTCHA script is formed of distorted or noised characters. This paper presents an analytical study of extraction of varied statistical features for recognition of every character in CAPTCHA image. OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is generic process in area of pattern recognition and is aimed to recognize each character in CAPTCHA image. OCR system involves basic four stages: preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification which is followed by actual recognition. The technique of feature extraction plays an important role in character recognition. The CAPTCHA character recognition depends on the extracted features. The various statistical feature extraction techniques have been applied over character image. Here, the various types of statistical feature extraction methods are discussed for the application of character recognition for CAPTCHA verification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Keywords: CAPTCHA, OCR, Bots, Feature extraction, Pattern recognition.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition