Volume 6 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

Morphometry of the terrestrial slug Laevicaulis alte (Gastropoda: Styllomatophora) was carried out. Slugs were collected from the foot hills of Southern Western Ghats region of Courtallam area. Frequency distributions were calculated on the basis of animal length, breadth and live body weight (at motion and at rest). The study revealed significant positive correlation ( P>0.05 ) of the length and breadth of the slug with relevance to body weight of the animal at motion and at rest. The regression equation of length at motion was y = 1.169x + 0.516, (R2 = 0.983) and at rest it was y = 0.684x + 0.76 (R2=0.988); the breadth at motion y = 0.276x + 0.541 (R2 = 0.851) and at rest y = 0.414x + 0.713 (R2=0.839). Morphometric measurements are basic details of the animal to study taxonomy, comparison of distribution of similar species and their ecobiology.

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 Keywords

Laevicaulis alte, morphometry, length, breadth, body weight.

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 Abstract

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natural justice, equality, procedure, due process, personal liberty

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Micro Finance has become is recent years, a fulcrum for development initiative for the poor, particularly in the third world countries. It has been practiced in varying forms in different countries and has come to be regarded as important tool for poverty alienation through social and economical development of poor, with focus on empowering women. It was observed that Microfinance often gets equated nearly as credit for Micro enterprises while the poor also needs savings, consumption loans, having loans and insurance services.

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Key Words: Micro Finance, consumption loans, insurance services

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: In the recent years of development, the abundant use of power electronics based components and systems have made a major impact on power quality of electric power supply of distribution system and raised various power quality issues. There are various technologies used for mitigation of power quality related problems. One of them is shunt active power filter(SAPF). A modified harmonic detection method based on Gauss-Newton method is used for three phase three wire shunt active power filter. The main objective of this method is to compensate for load harmonic current. A model of three-phase three wire SAPF based on the proposed modified recursive Gauss-Newton method is developed using MATLAB/Simulink. Synchronous Reference Frame theory [SRFT] is a well-known reference current generation technique, used for mitigation of harmonics. Both the reference generation method is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and their performance comparison has been discussed. .

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Shunt active power filter(SAPF), Gauss-Newton method, Synchronous Reference Frame Theory, Hysteresis current controller band(HBCC)

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Biodegradation of biomedical waste (LDPE) samples using microbial consortium of microorganisms was monitored as a function of number of days and the results were presented in Percentage weight loss due to degradation was determined by subtracting the weight of the sample taken out on a particular day i.e., 40 days of exposure from the initial weight ie., the weight of the sample at the start of degradation study each time. It was observed from the results that percentage weight loss by Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis revealed 34.61, 26.92 and 15.38 %. Similarly, when the polymer LDPE was pretreated with UV exposure it was 46.15% for Bacillus cereus UV treated sample followed by Bacillus licheniformis exhibited 38.46% and Bacillus subtilis revealed 26.92 %. In the present study, bacteria cultured on nutrient broth medium until the mid - exponential phase was transferred to the test tube with constant volume of 1.2 ml to which increasing volumes of hexadecane were added. Bacillus cereus incubated in a liquid medium containing polyethylene as sole carbon source colonized the polyethylene and formed a sparse biofilm. BATH assay demonstrated that hydrophobicity of Bacillus cereus exhibited 89% and it was very high in compared to Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis.

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Biodegradation, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, Uv, BATH.

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Abstract Though Kerala has long, rich and various traditions for folk music, but there is only one classical music tradition for Kerala. As a result of Bhakti movement GitaGovinda came to Kerala around 12th century AD. Gita govindam was well accepted and appreciated by Kerala people. Still today also it is a tradition and custom to sing GitaGovindam in the Krishna temples of Kerala. GitaGovindam is known as Ashtapati at Kerala. The term Ashtapati consists the meaning of eight lines. The Musician of Gita Govindam stands near the stone steps leads towards the Deity. The stone steps are known as Sopana, in both Sanskrit and Malayalam. Therefore the singing style of Gita Govindam became popular as Sopana Sangitam.

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Key words: Folk Music, Classical music tradition, Git Govinda, Ashtapadi, Sopana Sangeetham

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The operation of railway transportation relies on the wheel-rail interaction, which provides both support and guidance for railway vehicles, ensuring safe and smooth movement. When loads are transmitted through the wheels, contact stresses develop at the wheel-rail interface. These stresses can cause wear, deformation, and damage to both components, leading to increased maintenance and replacement costs. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the stresses generated due to variations in contact geometry resulting from changes in wheel and rail profile characteristics, including rail profile radius, wheel profile radius, and wheel taper. To investigate the influence of profile geometry, seven different profile radius values were selected for the R7T wheel and UIC60 rail, using material properties specified by European standards. Two analytical approaches were employed to determine contact stresses and maximum contact pressure: the Hertzian Contact Theory (HCT) and the Finite Element Method (FEM). A three-dimensional finite element model of the wheel-rail system was developed, and loading conditions were applied to evaluate stress distribution within the contact region. The results indicate that for a wheel radius of 330 mm and a rail radius of 300 mm, the equivalent stress values were almost closer. Likewise, for wheel and rail radii of 360 mm and 300 mm, the equivalent stress values were approximately nearer to one another. The findings of this research provide valuable insights into wheel-rail contact behaviour and may contribute to the improved design and optimization of railway systems.

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Wheel-rail Profile geometry, Contact pressure and Fatigue life.

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Antioxidants are molecules that protect biological systems from oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. In human health, oxidative stress is implicated in aging and various chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes and inflammation. This paper reviews the chemistry of antioxidants, sources, mechanisms of action, health benefits, clinical evidence and potential risks associated with antioxidant supplementation. Emphasis is given to dietary antioxidants, endogenous defense systems and the significance of antioxidants in disease prevention and therapy.

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Role of Antioxidants in Human Health

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Ultrasonic speeds in and isentropic compressibilities of a liquid is fundamentally related to binding forces between the atoms or molecules. The measurements of ultrasonic velocity have been adequately employed in understanding the nature of molecular interaction in pure liquids, binary and ternary mixtures. In this research paper we have studied the effect of aqueous solutions of Water + acetonitrile (AN) + t-butanol at 298.15 K. The concentrations of t-butanol at which ultrasonic speed becomes maximum and isentropic compressibility becomes minimum are found to decrease with increase in the concentration of acetonitrile in the cosolvent (Aqueous acetonitrile). This behaviour indicates that the aqueous ternary solutions are less structured than aqueous t-butanol. This behaviour is explained as due to a decrease in the ability of t-butanol to form clathrate hydrates owing to the presence of acetonitrile. When the concentration of acetonitrile in the cosolvent (xAN) > 0.1015, ultrasonic speed decreases and isentropic compressibility increases with concentration of t-butanol indicating that the ternary solution behaving as normal solution. Further addition of acetonitrile or t-butanol leads to destabilization of the hydrogen bonded structure of water and t-butanol looses its ability to form clathrate hydrates in aqueous solutions.

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Ternary mixture; ultrasonic speed; compressibility; clathrate hydrates; hydrogen bond; nonelectrolytes.

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The reservation policy in India represents one of the most significant instruments of social justice embedded within the constitutional framework of the Republic. Designed to address historical discrimination and structural inequalities rooted in the caste system, reservation has functioned as a form of affirmative action to ensure representation of Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), and Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in education, public employment, and political institutions.

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 Keywords

Reservation Policy, Affirmative Action, Social Justice, Constitutional Equality, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes, Indra Sawhney Case, Mandal Commission, Democratic Representation, Political Mobilization, Creamy Layer, Substantive Equality.

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