Volume 5 | Issue 3 |

 Abstract

ABSTRACT Demonetization of currency in India is an internationally debated economic issue. It has been carried out to curb the black money menace in India. It had its own pros and cons. Never the less it has increased financial discipline in Indians. This research paper in depth examines demonetization exercise in India and vision ahead to make it constructive

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BLACK MONEY DEMONETISATION INDIA

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The six sigma methodology have an important place for developing and reducing the defects which occur during weaving of plastic bags in the firms. The aim of six sigma is defining, analyzing, correcting and improving the variables, which affect the quality of weaving process in order to decrease the number of defects and the failures and to propose the improvement means for the processes. In this study general structure of six sigma is explained with regard to 'how to define the complex problems which are encountered in the manufacturing of woven bags along with the relevant knowledge and comments for statistical methods that are utilized in measurement and quality improvement of the process.

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six sigma, quality control, statistical approach

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This paper focuses on relay process and design optimization. With optional additional lithography steps, we can achieve a more robust process required for eventual device scaling, highly reduced device footprint area, and the ability to form interconnects to fabricate circuits. Improved relay designs minimize parasitic electrostatic force issues and enhance functionality. The process flow is optimized to achieve the lowest switching voltages, while still ensuring reliable turn-off and avoiding stiction. New device concepts increase device functionality to reduce the number of structures required to achieve a certain function, and provide a new paradigm for designing circuits using relays.

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electrostatic force, digital integrated circuits, lithography, interconnects, parasitic effects, stiction

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Power line communication, Amplitude-shift keying, Home Automation system, Microcontroller, Power Line Modem

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The Article below is the review of the Market Phenomena of Cyrus Mistry vs. Ratan Tata. The Ethical and Moral Implications of the Public Spat between the two parties are studied in detail based on the methodologies through the lens of phenomenology, narratology and metaphorolgy. The material used are referred and the rational for each method adopted, its specific usage for the market phenomena are highlighted. In the end the different methodologies used are contrasted as well. Each question is addressed independently though the references may overlap. The content is a reflection of the information collated by the authors which is referenced and can be used for business academia purpose.

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Corporate Governance, Phenomenology, Narratology, Metaphorology, Leadership Conflict

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Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems form the critical backbone of modern industrial operations, enabling the centralized monitoring and control of geographically dispersed assets. The evolution of these systems from monolithic, isolated architectures to networked, internet-enabled platforms has fundamentally expanded their capabilities for remote management. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of a SCADA system designed for remote industrial monitoring and control. We detail a modular architecture integrating a Master Terminal Unit (MTU) at the central hub, communicating with remote field devices via Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) and Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) using standard protocols like Modbus TCP/IP over Wide Area Networks (WANs). The system leverages a robust client-server model with a data historian for logging trends and a Human-Machine Interface (HMI) for operator visualization and intervention. Furthermore, this paper addresses the critical challenges inherent in remote SCADA operations, including network latency, reliability, and the emerging cybersecurity threats exacerbated by increased connectivity. The implementation of such a system demonstrates a significant improvement in operational efficiency, predictive maintenance capabilities, and overall safety for industrial processes located in remote or inaccessible areas.

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SCADA, Remote Monitoring, Industrial Control Systems (ICS), RTU, PLC, Modbus, Data Acquisition, HMI.

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The selection of appropriate manufacturing processes in advanced manufacturing environments has become increasingly complex due to the multitude of available technologies, competing objectives, and stringent performance requirements. This paper presents a comprehensive review of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methodologies applied to process selection in advanced manufacturing contexts. The study examines various MCDM techniques including Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and fuzzy-based approaches. The research synthesizes literature from 2000 to 2016, analyzing the effectiveness of different MCDM methods in addressing manufacturing process selection challenges. The findings indicate that hybrid MCDM approaches combining multiple techniques provide superior decision-making capabilities compared to single-method applications. The paper contributes to the manufacturing decision-making literature

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Multi-criteria decision making, Manufacturing process selection, AHP, TOPSIS, Advanced manufacturing, Decision support systems

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India's capital markets have undergone a significant transformation, shaped by technological advancements, regulatory reforms, and evolving investor behaviour. Historically, brokers played a crucial role as intermediaries, facilitating transactions, providing market intelligence, and ensuring liquidity. However, the rise of electronic trading platforms, algorithmic trading, and fintech innovations has redefined their traditional functions. The historical evolution of India's stock market traces its origins to informal trading under a banyan tree in 1855, leading to the establishment of the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) in 1875. Until the 1990s, trading was largely manual, with brokers acting as essential conduits for investors. The introduction of electronic trading by the National Stock Exchange (NSE) in 1992 marked a turning point, enhancing efficiency and accessibility. The SEBI Act of 1992 played a pivotal role in regulating brokerage services, enforcing transparency, and protecting investor interests. SEBI's reforms led to the dematerialization of shares, faster trade settlements, and the rise of discount brokers offering low-cost trading solutions. The technological transformation of the brokerage industry further accelerated with the advent of mobile trading, algorithmic strategies, and AI-driven advisory services. As brokerage services evolved, traditional brokers faced challenges in adapting to digitalization, competing with tech-first entrants like Zerodha and Upstox, and complying with stringent regulatory requirements. The changing role of brokers saw a shift from advisory-based models to execution-focused services, with firms diversifying into research, financial education, and portfolio management. The impact on investors has been profound, with increased retail participation, democratization of market access, and enhanced trading efficiency. However, the rise of self-directed trading also introduced risks, requiring stronger investor education and regulatory safeguards. Looking ahead, the future of broking in India will likely be shaped by AI-driven advisory, blockchain-based settlements, and hybrid models combining technology with personalized financial guidance. Sustaining innovation with integrity will require policy support, ethical standards, and continuous adaptation to market dynamics. In conclusion, while the brokerage industry has transformed significantly, brokers remain integral to India's capital markets. Their evolving role underscores the need for strategic adaptation, balancing technological advancements with investor trust and regulatory compliance.

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Capital markets, Stock exchanges, Brokers, Intermediation, SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India), Regulatory framework, Transparency, Investor confidence, Electronic trading, Dematerialization, Settlement cycles, Retail investors, Discount brokers, Fintech, Algorithmic trading, AI-driven advisory, Blockchain settlement, Market efficiency, Liquidity, Compliance, Cybersecurity, Data analytics, Portfolio management, Robo-advisory, Risk management, Investor protection, Policy support, Hybrid

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A Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS) is an electronic device that monitors the air pressure in a vehicle's tires and displays tire pressure information to the driver in real time. This device assists drivers in maintaining proper tire pressure, which is critical for fuel efficiency, tire lifespan, and safety. TPMS can also warn the driver of low tire pressure or other problems, thereby preventing accidents and reducing vehicle damage. TPMS is typically made up of sensors mounted in the tires, a receiver in the vehicle, and a display or warning light. The sensors measure the pressure within the tire and send the information to the receiver, which displays it for the driver.

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Pressure, tire.

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In this present article, the researchers present a study on the relationship between socio-economic status and academic achievement of secondary school students. The researchers used descriptive survey research method for the present study and recruited 85 secondary school students from four secondary schools using simple random sampling technique. The Socio-Economic Status Scale (SESS) developed by Sahu (2012) was used to collect data on the socio-economic status of the students and the previous year marks of the students which were considered as the academic achievement of the students. The researchers analyzed the data by applying Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test as statistical techniques with the help of IBM SPSS 20.0. The findings of the study showed that there is a positive relationship between socio-economic status and academic achievement of secondary school students.

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Academic Achievement, socio-economic status, students

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition