Volume 14 | Issue 1 |

 Abstract

soochana praudyogikee shiksha ke lie ek atyant hee bikherane vaalee vidhvansakaaree takaneek hai. yadi ham ise aisa laagoo karate hain. lekin hamen aisa karana chaahie kyonki yah sthaapit siddhaanton mein parivartan ka kaary karatee hai jinako ki shikshaavid pichhalee shataabdee se tark dekar banae hue hai. sabase pramukh lekhakon ne bhee sakriy adhigam ke mahatv par jor diya hai.shodh ka pramukh uddeshy soochana praudyogikee dvaara pradatt shiksha ke prati maadhyamik star ke shikshakon kee abhivrti ka vishleshanaatmak adhyayan karana hain, jisake lie ajamer jile ke antargat sthit 300 shikshakon ko nyaadarsh ke roop mein liya gaya. nishkarshatah maadhyamik star ke shikshakon kee soochana praudyogikee dvaara pradatt shiksha ke prati abhivrtti evan usake samast aayaamon yathaah soochana praudyogikee ke prati rujhaan, paramparaagat shikshan, sophtaveyar ka prayog evan netavark ka prayog ke praaptaank ausat se adhik hai. soochana praudyogikee dvaara pradatt shiksha ke prati maadhyamik star ke graameen evan shaharee kshetr ke shikshakon kee abhivrtti evan usake samast aayaamon yathaah soochana praudyogikee ke prati rujhaan, paramparaagat shikshan, sophtaveyar ka prayog evan netavark ka prayog mein saarthak antar paaya jaata hai.

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Soochana Praudyogikee,Maadhyamik Star

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The novel "The Story of Zahra" by Hanan al-Shaykh, which Peter Ford translated into English for Quartet in 1986, is the subject of this study's stylistic critique. The tale of Zahra, a lady whose conflicts with her family and nation ultimately result in her misery and death, is told in this novel, which is set in Beirut both before and during the Lebanese Civil War. Verbs are the main topic of a lexical analysis of The Story of Zahra. The analysis reveals how the author mimicked the actual image of the war-torn society and the tragic existence of a little girl named Zahra through the use of particular verbs.

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Zahra, Civil War, Tragedy, Novel, Arabian Peninsula

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Phonetic transcription, particularly the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), often feels abstract and disconnected from reality for learners of English. While transcription is essential for accurate pronunciation, stress placement, and linguistic clarity, students frequently perceive it as a memorization exercise filled with strange symbols that do not connect to their lived classroom experience. This paper proposes a conceptual framework to make transcription visual, engaging, and aligned with India's National Education Policy (NEP 2020). Drawing upon classroom anecdotes and learner challenges, the discussion introduces original concepts such as Symbol Overload, Transcription Blindness, Stress Drift, and the Pronunciation-Perception Gap. To address these challenges, the paper presents a range of visual pedagogical tools, including waveforms, error heatmaps, and mind maps, that help students "see" sounds and overcome their fear of transcription. Real-life examples from undergraduate classrooms illustrate how simple innovations can transform confusion into clarity. By aligning transcription pedagogy with NEP 2020's focus on experiential learning and technology integration, this paper argues that phonetic transcription can move from being a dreaded skill to a meaningful pathway for student empowerment, employability, and future academic growth. The conclusion highlights the broader relevance of this approach for UGC and educational reforms, suggesting that reimagining transcription as a visual practice can make it both accessible and enjoyable for learners.

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Phonetic Transcription; International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA); Visual Pedagogical Tools; Waveform Analysis; Error Heatmaps

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Recurrent umbilical hernia presents a surgical challenge due to distorted anatomy and higher risk of re-recurrence. We report a case of recurrent umbilical hernia in 38 year Female patient with a history of previous Laparoscopic hernia repair before 2 years who presented with a symptomatic umbilical swelling since 8 months . Clinical examination and ultrasonography confirmed recurrence. The patient underwent open retro-rectus (Rives-Stoppa) mesh repair, in which a well-defined retro-rectus plane was created bilaterally and a polypropylene mesh was placed with adequate overlap. The postoperative period was uneventful, with no wound-related complications. On follow-up, the patient remained asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence. This case highlights that open retro-rectus mesh repair is a safe, effective, and durable technique for the management of recurrent umbilical hernia.

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Recurrent umbilical hernia, Retro-rectus repair, Rives-Stoppa

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Abstract The Manusa?hit? long regarded as a foundational text in Indian legal and social thought, also contains a rich, though often overlooked, reservoir of ecological wisdom. At a time when environmental degradation threatens planetary health, this paper revisits the Manusa?hit? through the lens of environmental ethics, revealing its relevance to contemporary ecological challenges. Far from being a relic of a bygone era, the text offers a sophisticated vision of human-nature relationships rooted in restraint, responsibility, and reverence for all forms of life. Modern environmental ethics--shaped by thinkers such as Aldo Leopold, Peter Singer, Holmes Rolston, Tom Regan, and Paul Taylor--seeks to address the moral obligations of humans toward non-human entities and ecosystems. The Manusa?hit? anticipates many of these concerns through its integrated cosmology and dharmic directives. It presents nature not as a passive resource but a living, sacred entity with intrinsic value and moral standing. The paper examines Manu's approach to plants, animals, and natural elements such as water, soil etc. Plants are recognized as sentient beings enveloped in tamas, and their destruction is subject to ethical scrutiny and penance. Animal welfare is approached with a nuanced balance between ritual practice and non-violence, advocating compassion and justice for all creatures. Environmental components like rivers, forests, and arable land are protected through detailed rules that prohibit pollution, waste, and overexploitation--offering a proto-legal framework for ecological preservation. Through its analysis, the study demonstrates how the Manusa?hit? advances a holistic ethical paradigm--one in which ecological sustainability is inseparable from spiritual and social duties. By reinterpreting ancient dharma in dialogue with contemporary ecological thought, the paper reveals the enduring significance of indigenous wisdom for shaping a sustainable and ethically grounded future.

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Keywords: Ecological Wisdom, Sustainability, Animal Welfare, Sacred Nature.

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Shalya Tantra is a vital branch of Ayurveda that deals with the management of surgical and para-surgical conditions through Shalya (foreign body or pathological entity removal) and Shastra Karma (operative procedures). While Sushrut Samhita is widely acknowledged as the principal surgical treatise, the concepts of Shalya and Shastra Karma are also systematically addressed in Charak Samhita and Ashtang Hridaya. A comprehensive understanding of these concepts across the Brihattrayi is essential for appreciating the integrated surgical philosophy of Ayurveda. Methods: All the available relevant data were collected from Ayurveda classics: Charak Samhita, Sushrut Samhita, Ashtang Hrudaya, commentaries, modern literature, and research journals available from the Database PubMed and Google Scholar. Results: The review revealed that the concept of Shalya in the Brihattrayi extends beyond physical foreign bodies to include internal pathological factors such as vitiated Dosha, Dhatu, and Mala. Shastra Karma is uniformly described as a systematic procedure involving Poorva, Pradhana, and Paschat Karma. Sushrut Samhita provides detailed and practical surgical descriptions, whereas Charak Samhita emphasizes surgical decision-making, prognosis, and conservative approaches. Ashtang Hridaya presents a concise and clinically applicable synthesis of surgical principles. Common emphasis on surgical ethics, physician competence, patient care, and post-operative management was observed across all three texts. Conclusion: The Brihattrayi collectively presents a well-structured and holistic framework of Shalya and Shastra Karma, demonstrating that Ayurvedic surgery is a comprehensive discipline integrating preventive, operative, and rehabilitative principles. This critical Samhita review highlights the relevance of classical surgical concepts in strengthening contemporary Shalya Tantra education and clinical practice.

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Shalya Tantra, Shalya , Shastra Karma, Brihattrayi, Sushrut Samhita, Charak Samhita, Ashtang Hridaya, Ayurvedic Surgery.

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Today the world is becoming very competitive and fast paced. In growing suburban areas like Virar, working professionals face a lot of pressure to balance demanding careers with personal life responsibilities. Nowadays working professionals have to balance between their work and personal life. Quick commerce has helped them by saving much of the time. Quick commerce offers ultra fast delivery of groceries, essentials and daily use products. It saves time and it is also convenient. Quick commerce provides goods delivered at your doorstep in a 10-20 minutes time period. It promises ultra fast delivery. This study explores the extent to which Q commerce contributes to achieve work life synergy among Virar's working population.

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Quick Commerce, Work life balance , Working professionals, Convenience, Fast delivery,

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Charles Dickens remains one of the most powerful literary voices of the Victorian era in exposing the inequities and contradictions of a rapidly industrializing society. His novels repeatedly confront the realities of class divisions, poverty, and the pressures of capitalist modernity. This article examines Oliver Twist (1838) and Hard Times (1854) through the lens of Marxist literary criticism, with particular attention to how Dickens dramatizes class conflict and the commodification of human life. Drawing on the theoretical insights of Karl Marx alongside later critics such as Raymond Williams and Terry Eagleton, the study interprets Dickens's fictional world as a space where the struggles of the poor, the exploited, and the marginalized are narrated against the dominant ideologies of Victorian capitalism. Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative, interpretive case study of the two novels, engaging in close textual analysis informed by Marxist concepts such as alienation, surplus value, and commodity fetishism. The findings suggest that Oliver Twist exposes how poverty and childhood itself are commodified within pre-industrial urban England, while Hard Times extends this critique into the mechanized logic of industrial capitalism, where workers and even education become reduced to instruments of production. By situating Dickens within a broader critical framework, the article argues that his novels not only reflect the tensions of nineteenth-century society but also resonate with contemporary debates on inequality, labor, and the commodification of human existence.

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Marxist Criticism, Class Conflict, Commodification, Victorian Novel, Oliver Twist, Hard Times.

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In December 2019,an epidemic emerged in the youhn province of Chaina that brought life to a standstill across the world, including India. This pandemic had pushed people far apart from one another. The impact of this pandemic was so profound that many were forced to abandon their livelihoods that had been passed down through generations for years. The pandemic resulted in the deaths of a large number of people, while many others managed to survive after suffering from the disease for a long time. Through this research paper ,I shall try to discuss the impact of this pandemic on the people of Junglemahal.By Junglemahal Imeanthe vast area of South West Bengal where the Junglemahal district was created by East India Company according to the regulation of xviii of 1805.This district was lasting upto 1833,then it was abolished according to regulation of xiii.Currently, the districts of Bankura,Purulia,west Medinipore,Jhargram,Birbhum have been formed centering around this Junglemahal.

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Pendemic,Impact,Always,Covid,Society.Economy.

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