Volume 13 | Issue 7 | July 2025

 Abstract

The Sadiya Serpent Pillar, an octagonal stone monument inscribed with one of the earliest known Ahom scripts dated to 1532 CE, stands as a significant artefact of the Ahom-Mishmi relationship in the historical region of Sadiya, Assam, India. Erected during the reign of Ahom king Suhungmung Dihingia Raja (1497-1539), the pillar records a treaty between the Ahoms and the Mishmi tribe, outlining territorial and tributary obligations. This paper examines the historical context of the pillar's erection, the content and significance of its inscription, and the broader socio-political dynamics of the Mishmi-Ahom relationship. Drawing on primary sources, including epigraphic records and secondary historical accounts, the study highlights the pillar's role as evidence of diplomatic engagement and mutual coexistence between the Ahoms and the hill tribes of Northeast India.

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 Keywords

Sadiya Serpent Pillar, Ahom script, Mishmi tribe, Suhungmung.

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Introduction: A patient's demand for comfort and assurance is paramount. A primary nursing duty is to ensure comfort; health care interventions may be performed based on traditions and routines that practitioners no longer critically examine. A broad lens through which to evaluate pain and pain treatment options is the context of comfort. Patients in hospitals frequently experience procedural pain, which they all naturally attempt to avoid. Any intramuscular injection will undoubtedly hurt where it is injected. Individual experiences of pain after intramuscular injection can be influenced by a number of factors, including anxiety, culture, age, gender, and expectations of pain treatment. Aim and Objectives: The purpose of this research is to assess the Helfer Skin Tap Technique's effectiveness in treating intramuscular pain in patients receiving injections at the Bensam Hospital Nagercoil.The objectives of this study was to gauge the degree of discomfort before to using the Helfer skin tap procedure, Use the tap technique to gauge the impact of the Helfer skin on the degree of discomfort experienced during intramuscular injection delivery, to assess the difference in discomfort between the application of the Helfer skin tap method and after intervention and using the Helfer skin tap technique, to determine the relationship between a subset of demographic characteristics and the degree of discomfort. Methods: After receiving approval from the college, the researcher proceeded with data collection, selecting samples using the purposive sampling technique. The researcher received formal permission to conduct the study from the principal of the Nursing College. The researcher-built relationships with the attendees, staff, and patients and gave assurances regarding the confidentiality of the data gathered. They were administered the intervention named the helfer skin tap procedure and asked to record their answers. In order to analyse the data, descriptive statistics were used. The chi-square test was employed to establish a correlation between the patient's chosen demographic factors and the efficacy of the Helfer skin tap technique for intramuscular injection. Results: The study's outcome and analysis were predicated on the statistical analysis of the "t" test results, which were used to determine whether there was a significant difference in the amount of discomfort experienced during an intramuscular injection before and after using the Helfer skin tap technique. Chi square was utilized to determine whether certain demographic factors were associated with the degree of discomfort experienced after the delivery of an intramuscular injection using The Helfer Skin Tap Technique. The mean difference and "t" test were used to compare the data collection results before and after applying the Helfer skin tap technique. The results indicate that the mean score was 5.33 before and 0.93 after applying the Helfer skin tap technique, with a mean difference of 4. Thus, the outcomes demonstrate the efficacy of the Helfer skin tap procedure. According to the data, 53.33% of adult patients reported no pain, 40% reported mild pain, 6.67% reported moderate pain, and 0% reported severe or worse pain. Conclusion: This study found that the Helfer skin tap method was a highly useful way to lessen injection-related discomfort. According to this research, 53.34% of patients had no pain at all, 40% had mild pain, only 6.67% had moderate pain, and 0% had severe or worse pain. This is a better outcome than what was obtained with the Helfer skin tap approach previously. Prior to the Helfer skin tap, the mean was 5.33; after the skin tap, the mean was 0.93.

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 Keywords

Pain, The Helfer Skin Tap Technique, Intramuscular Injection

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Purpose: The Sundarbans, being a phenomenal UNESCO World Heritage Site, is not only an exceptional ecological wonder but also a fundamental and central point of interest for tourism in the picturesque nation of Bangladesh. This study dives deep into how the prospects (economic growth, social enrichment, and natural resource benefits) and challenges (infrastructure gaps, security concerns, and management hurdles) shape the performance of tour operators while uncovering the surprising role of environmental munificence (the forest's abundant yet unpredictable resources) in tipping the scales. Methodology: Through a comprehensive survey of 70 tour operators in Khulna, this research uncovers critical insights. While the Sundarbans offers promising economic, social, and natural resource advantages, these prospects only moderately enhance business performance. In contrast, challenges such as weak infrastructure, security risks, and management gaps exert a stronger influence, often hindering growth. Surprisingly, the Sundarbans' abundant environmental munificence, though a key attraction, does little to amplify the positive effects of tourism opportunities. Worse, when combined with existing challenges, they further strain firm performance. Findings: Findings reveal that while tourism opportunities, including economic benefits, social impacts, and natural resource potential, positively influence firm performance, their effect is relatively modest. Conversely, challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, security concerns, and management issues demonstrate a more substantial impact on business outcomes. Notably, the study highlights how the Sundarbans' distinctive environmental munificence plays a complex moderating role: they slightly enhance the positive effects of tourism opportunities but significantly exacerbate the negative consequences of existing challenges. Practical Implications: These insights offer practical value for tourism operators and policymakers working to balance economic development with environmental conservation in this ecologically sensitive region. The study contributes to academic literature by introducing empirical evidence about tourism dynamics in mangrove ecosystems and demonstrating how environmental factors can simultaneously enable and constrain business performance.

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Sundarbans, Tourism, Prospects, Challenges, Performance, Munificence.

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The increasing awareness of health and hygiene among consumers has led to a significant rise in the demand for water purifiers in India. This study aims to evaluate customer satisfaction with water purifiers, with a particular focus on Eureka Forbes, one of the leading brands in the Indian market. The research explores key factors influencing customer satisfaction, including product quality, service efficiency, pricing, brand reputation, and post-sales support. A combination of primary and secondary data was utilized to assess customer perceptions and experiences. Survey responses were analysed to understand satisfaction levels and identify areas for improvement. The findings suggest that while Eureka Forbes enjoys strong brand recognition and a loyal customer base, there are areas--particularly in after-sales service and maintenance costs--where customer expectations are not consistently met. This study provides valuable insights for both consumers and company stakeholders, offering recommendations to enhance service quality and overall customer satisfaction in a competitive market.

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customer satisfaction, water purifiers, service efficiency, pricing, brand reputation.

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Nanotechnology is a 'multidisciplinary' as well as an 'interdisciplinary' area of inquiry and application. The broad spectrum of applications that nanotechnology is and will be catering to speaks of its omnipresence. Be it in agriculture, energy, electronics, medicine, healthcare, textiles, transport, construction, cosmetics, water treatment etc., nanotechnology finds a role to play or rather a 'defining role' to play, as suggested by many scholars worldwide. All around the world, nanotechnology is being promoted as a technological revolution that will help solve an array of problems. According to the current hype, nanotechnology promises to provide new ways of solving some of the Asia-Pacific Region's chronic challenges, such as treating tuberculosis and malaria, making water drinkable, conserving food, and diversifying energy sources, among other hosts of applications. However, the potential risks and social implications of this new technology are not often highlighted in this paper. The overall level of awareness and capacity to address these issues remains very low, in both civil society and government, and prevents these actors from playing their social role in ensuring the public good. The present review based article enlighten impact of nanotechnology on human health and environment in south Asian countries

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Application, Challenges, Civil Society, Energy, Public, Technology and Tuberculosis

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Digital disruptions, Backward Design, Indian Apparel industry, Curricula, digital skill gaps

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This research paper examines the impact of music piracy on the Indian music industry. It investigates the economic, legal, and cultural implications of piracy and explores strategies adopted by stakeholders to combat it. By analyzing secondary data, existing literature, and industry reports, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of how piracy affects revenue streams, artist livelihoods, and the growth of digital platforms in India.

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Music piracy, Indian music industry, Digital piracy, Copyright law in India, Illegal downloads, Streaming platforms, Intellectual property rights, Artist revenue, Music consumption behavior, Anti-piracy strategies

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Sayalan al-Rahim (Leucorrhoea) is one of the common problem among the females visiting the Outpatient department of the hospital. It occurs in about 1-14% of all women of reproductive age group and is responsible for 5-10 million OPD visits per year. Due to white discharge, females are prone to other symptoms such as backache, itching in vulva, general weakness. The objectives of this clinical study was to assess the efficacy and safety of Unani Pharmacopoeial formulation Majoon Muqawwi -i- Rahim in patients of Sayalan al-Rahim (Leucorrhoea). A total of 100 cases in the age group of 13-45 years completed the study. Out of 100 patients 36 patients got relieved, 61 patients got partially relieved and 3 patients got no relief. The trial drug showed significant improvements in clinical parameters and showed statistically not significant effect on safety parameters. Thus it can be concluded that Majoon Muqawwi-i- Rahim is effective and safe in the management of Sayalan al-Rahim (Leucorrhoea).

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: Sayalan al-Rahim, Leucorrhoea, Majoon Muqawwi-i- Rahim, Unani

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In the era of data-driven decision-making, developing student's competencies in data interpretation, statistical literacy, and data science has become a critical priority across educational levels and disciplines. This review synthesizes findings from 20 empirical and conceptual studies that explore various contexts, including academic and professional learning environments. The studies explore pedagogical approaches, competency frameworks, and challenges in fostering statistical thinking and data interpretation. Methods range from qualitative case studies and surveys to systematic reviews and experimental designs, highlighting diverse strategies to enhance data literacy. Key findings indicate that data literacy is critical for preparing students for data-driven decision-making, yet gaps persist in integrating these skills into curricula and addressing learner challenges. This review identifies trends in instructional strategies, the role of technology (e.g., Excel, metadata tools), and the need for interdisciplinary approaches to data education. Implications for educators, curriculum designers, and policymakers are discussed to advance data literacy in an increasingly digital world.

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Data interpretation, Statistical thinking, Data literacy

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Gandhiji was one among the most inspiring leaders which was accepted widely not only by the people of pre-independent India but also by the people of other countries. Indeed, the gandhiji has earned huge popularity after the country become independent. The philosophy of the great gandhiji was relevant during his lifetime, after their death and even until today, its importance has not ignored. On political awakening in the country, the social work, society and social engagement started becoming the part of educated and common masses. With this social-economic awakening, the people started connecting with the social work and related activities. Gandhiji being most influential leaders earned great reputation worldwide in order to lift the life of the common people of the country. Thus, it may be appropriate to agree that many of the political icons keep themselves involving into social work and related societal activities which ultimately could bring revolutions and simultaneously it would encompass the political, socio-economic and spiritual areas.

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Gandhian Philosophy

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