Volume 13 | Issue 6 |

 Abstract

The Gharana system, a lineage-based pedagogical structure in Hindustani classical music, has been key in impacting the evolution of vocal styles through this balance of legacy and progress. This research investigates the process by which the dominant Gharanas - the Gwalior, Agra, Kirana, Patiala and Jaipur-Atrauli styles - have developed distinctly individual techniques for raga elaboration, tal (rhythmic) complexity and vocalisation, within the creative integration of philosophical and aesthetic principles. Through a historical analysis of court patronage structures, educational legacies, and cultural exchanges, the article demonstrates how each Gharana cultivated unique identities: the Gwalior Gharana established foundational principles of tonal purity and systematic raga development. The Agra Gharana introduced Dhrupad-derived rhythmic complexities into Khayal vocalism. The Kirana Gharana enhanced microtonal precision and meditative alap techniques. The Patiala Gharana integrated Punjabi folk elements with classical backdrops. The Jaipur-Atrauli Gharana emphasized elaborate, rare ragas. This study illustrates the ways in which these schools made modernity especially through 20th century developments, such as Ustad Amir Khan's creation of the Indore Gharana, which balanced multiple traditions while maintaining the swara-shuddha (note purity). Through an examination of present day pedagogy changes for media forms and worldwide audiences, the research contends that the Gharana system persists predominantly because of its equal focus tradition, structure and discipline on discipline-creative balance, ancient form ensuring the continued legacy of Hindustani vocal music, simultaneously nurturing an environment for its flourishing in a post-globalized new world.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Gharana, Hindustani classical music, Guru-shishya parampara, Khayal, Dhrupad, Raga, Bandish, Gayaki, Improvisation, Stylistic evolution, Musical heritage, Indian music.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This study presents an innovative automated system for cleaning solar panels, aiming to improve energy efficiency and simplify maintenance. Solar panels often accumulate dust, dirt, and bird droppings due to their upward tilt, which reduces their ability to absorb sunlight and lowers power output. Traditional cleaning methods are often manual and inefficient. By integrating smart technology, the proposed system ensures regular and effective cleaning without human intervention. This not only boosts energy generation but also extends the operational lifespan of the panels. The approach represents a sustainable solution at the intersection of renewable energy and automation, optimizing solar energy system performance.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Automation , Renewable Energy , Smart Technology , Solar Efficiency , Dust Removal.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In industrial systems such as oil and gas pipelines, water distribution networks, and chemical processing plants, continuous and accurate monitoring of pipeline parameters is essential for safety, efficiency, and reliability. This project presents the design and implementation of a Pipeline Monitoring System using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) to automate and monitor pipeline operations in real-time.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

PLC, SCADA, Automation, Monitoring,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Integrated Rice-Fish Farming (IRFF) represents a sustainable and ecologically harmonious agricultural practice that combines rice production with aquaculture, maximizing the use of land and water resources while improving overall productivity. This traditional yet forward-thinking technique is commonly utilized in various Asian nations, such as India, China, Bangladesh, and Nepal, owing to its numerous economic and environmental advantages. This research examines the various models of IRFF, including both concurrent and rotational systems, assessing their appropriateness for different Agro-climatic contexts. The findings indicate that IRFF greatly enhances rice production by improving soil fertility through the incorporation of fish waste, decreasing pest populations by introducing natural predators, and optimizing water utilization through enhanced retention and reduced evaporation. Furthermore, the inclusion of fish farming offers farmers an additional income stream, thereby bolstering economic resilience and food security. This system also fosters ecological sustainability by diminishing the reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides, encouraging biodiversity, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in comparison to traditional monocropping. Nonetheless, the implementation of IRFF encounters several obstacles, including significant initial costs, a lack of technical expertise, and the complexities associated with water and species management. To effectively promote this practice, policy interventions, training programs for farmers, and improved market access are essential. The research features case studies from India, Nepal, and China that showcase successful instances of IRFF and their influence on farm productivity, environmental preservation, and rural livelihoods. In summary, this study highlights the promise of IRFF as a climate-resilient and economically feasible strategy for sustainable agriculture. It advocates for increased institutional support, research efforts, and farmer education initiatives to encourage broader adoption and guarantee long-term agricultural sustainability in regions that cultivate rice.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Integrated Rice-Fish Farming

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The Marwadi Baniya community, historically known for their entrepreneurial heroism and mercantile traditions.They have traditionally prioritised commerce and trade over formal education.However,the changing socio-economic landscape of India has promoted a growing aspirations for higher education among the Marwari Baniyas.This paper explores the aspirations for higher education among the Marwari Youth and various challenges faced by them in this domain.It also examines the contradictory relationship between traditional business oriented family expections and the willingness of pursuing academic excellence.This paper also examines the historical context, current educational aspirations and unique struggles faced by the Marwari Baniyas in accessing higher Drawing on academic studies, institutional reports and socio-cultural analysis,this reserch paper highlights both the barriers and the gradual transformations in the Marwari Baniya community.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Marwadi Baniya,Higher Education, Challenges, Aspirations, Struggles, Business

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Third-Party Logistics, India, Outsourcing, Logistics Services, Business Performance.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Meme creation is a dynamic and engaging form of digital expression, yet it often requires creative input and manual effort. To streamline this process, we present the AI Meme Generator, a full-stack system that automates meme generation from concept to final image. The system leverages OpenAI's GPT models for text generation and image prompt formulation while integrating multiple AI image generators, including DALL-E, Stability AI, and Clip Drop. Text overlays are applied using Pillow, ensuring high quality meme composition. Additionally, features such as meme logging, secure API key management, and a user-friendly command-line interface (CLI) enhance usability and functionality. Designed with modularity and scalability, the system facilitates rapid, AI-driven meme generation for content creators, marketers, and meme enthusiasts. This paper details the design, implementation, and evaluation of the AI Meme Generator, emphasizing its contribution to automating creative workflows and expanding AI's role in digital content generation.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Image captioning, Meme Generation, Chatgpt 3.5 turbo, Clipdrop AI, Stability AI, Flask.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are tailored for use in environments characterized by extreme latency and intermittent connectivity, such as interplanetary communication or remote terrestrial regions. This paper examines the architectural principles of DTNs, emphasizing their operational differences from traditional Internet protocols. It also explores how the bundle protocol facilitates robust communication despite disruptions. The study evaluates their application scenarios, implementation strategies, and the recent progress made in this domain. Particular focus is given to the practical deployment challenges and how evolving architectures can meet these needs.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Delay Tolerant Network, Bundle Protocol, Routing, DTN Architecture, Interplanetary Internet, Disruption Tolerance

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The agricultural industry is undergoing a transformation to address the growing demands of population and climate change. Traditional manual methods are being replaced by automated solutions to improve efficiency and reduce labor. This project presents a multipurpose agricultural robot that can be controlled via a smartphone, allowing farmers to perform tasks such as plowing, seed sowing, water spraying, and monitoring temperature and humidity. By integrating wireless communication technologies like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi, the system enables remote operation and data collection from the field.The robot uses microcontrollers and sensors to respond to commands from the mobile app, streamlining operations and enhancing productivity. Designed for small to medium farms, the system is both affordable and user-friendly. It supports sustainable agriculture by using resources efficiently, such as targeted water and pesticide application, and can be powered by solar or battery sources for eco-friendliness. Real-time sensing of soil moisture, temperature, and obstacles enhances decision-making.The robot's smartphone interface ensures ease of use even for farmers with minimal technical skills. Its modular design allows customization based on different crops and farm sizes. By consolidating multiple functions into one platform, it reduces the need for various machines, cutting costs. Additionally, it protects users from direct exposure to chemicals during spraying operations. This smart system promotes digital literacy among farmers and lays the groundwork for future integration of AI and cloud-based monitoring. Overall, it exemplifies how technology can make farming more intelligent, accessible, and sustainable.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Automation in farming, wireless communication, sensor-based farming, sustainable agriculture, remote monitoring.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Piping of soil refers to the movement of soil particles caused by seepage flow, which poses a significant challenge in geotechnical engineering. This phenomenon can compromise the strength, stability, and integrity of earth structures such as dams, embankments, and their foundations. Conventional methods to enhance soil stability often rely on synthetic materials, which are expensive and environmentally harmful. This study explores an alternative approach to reduce seepage velocity and improve soil's resistance to piping by incorporating coir. A one-dimensional piping test was conducted to compare the seepage velocity and piping resistance of pure sand, sand mixed with different proportions of coir under various hydraulic head conditions. The preliminary findings reveal that adding coir significantly enhances the soil's resistance to piping. Distributing coir throughout the soil mass increases isotropic strength and minimizes weak zone formation. Due to its high lignin content 46%, it is stronger than other natural materials such as coir or cotton. Coir geotextiles have been used in various slope stabilization projects and soil erosion control.

Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Piping resistance , seepage velocity , coir fibre

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition