Volume 13 | Issue 5 | May 2025

 Abstract

There are some challenges to react to the change in environment both in education and the market since Commerce education becomes a key driver for the economic development and country's growth, particularly India where the unemployment issue is growing at a faster rate. This paper starts with the introduction of the concept of reforms in commerce education, and then it reviews literature, and finally it emphasizes the importance of study which would be of great benefit for multiple stakeholders in the commerce education system: such as students, potential employers, clients, donors, sponsors, accreditation bodies, board of governors, Government etc. Then the paper goes on to deal with objectives of the study, Hypotheses of the study, Sources of data collection, sample size, results of statistical testing of hypothesis, followed by findings of the study and then paper concludes with scope for further research.

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 Keywords

Commerce education, Reforms, traditional commerce education, academic reforms, examination reforms.

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This study explores the readiness and expectations of undergraduate commerce students regarding On-the-Job Training (OJT) under NEP2-2020 in Suburban Mumbai. The study uses a descriptive research design and data is collected from 64 respondents using a structured questionnaire. The study examines awareness, preparedness and expectations from OJT. Findings of the study reveal that commerce undergraduate students have moderate readiness for OJT. They have limited prior exposure to internships. They expect skill development from OJT and want placement near their area.

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ON-THE-JOB TRAINING UNDER NEP-2020: READINESS AND EXPECTATIONS OF COMMERCE UNDERGRADUATES

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Street food vendors are of vital importance in the urban economies, especially for high-density places like Andheri (East), Mumbai. But street food preparations often depend on socioeconomic conditions that have the potential to affect food safety. This paper analyses the relationship between infrastructure support like pure water and sanitation with food safety practice and socioeconomic pressures at street food vendors. Using a mixed-methods approach with 112 vendor responses, findings suggest a moderate positive correlation between infrastructure and hygiene practices, stressing its importance in ensuring food safety. In contrast, financial constraints were not found to have a statistically direct impact on hygiene maintenance. These results indicate that targeted interventions like improved infrastructure and sector-specific training programs can contribute to better public health outcomes through overcoming pertinent barriers to street food production.

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 Keywords

Street food safety, socioeconomic factors, urban public health, food hygiene practices, street vendors, infrastructure impact, foodborne diseases, informal food sector.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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National competitiveness in the 21st century hinges on the effective alignment of education systems and government policies with industry needs. This paper explores the critical role of synergy between educational institutions and government bodies in building industry success. Through theoretical exploration, case studies, and policy analysis, the research highlights how collaborative strategies can produce a future-ready workforce, enhance innovation, and drive sustainable economic development. The paper concludes with recommendations for fostering stronger linkages across these sectors to promote long-term industrial growth.

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 Keywords

Educational institutes, Government agencies, Industries, synergistic.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The current research investigates how subscription services have an effect on customer loyalty in Mumbai suburbs with the help of secondary data. Results show there is a very strong relationship between subscription services and loyalty, affected by price, convenience, and quality of the service. Such challenges as subscription fatigue and competition are pointed out, with emphasis on the personalization of the services. Insights for businesses are provided to support customer retention within the subscription economy.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Subscription Services, Consumer Loyalty, Mumbai Suburbs, Price Sensitivity, Service Quality, Customer Retention.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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CSR borrows its hypothesis from the hypothesis that corporates are part of society and are therefore required, as part of their moral obligation, to help the poor, preserve nature, and use natural resources. This was a principle from ancient Vedic Indian culture where co-habiting with nature was valued. It is important to redefine economic development at this juncture in a manner so as to consider environmental degradation and resource exploitation as unfavourable factors while computing GDP/GNP so that it is made sustainable for future generations.Paradox is being faced by India--there is rapid economic growth along with problems like corruption, poverty, and illiteracy. The economy of India is dependent upon SMEs since they provide employment to 40% of the population, 45% of manufacturing, and 40% of exports. Their influence and involvement in CSR are, however, minimal. Smaller-scale enterprises are mostly interested in internal CSR, while medium and higher-order small-scale enterprises exercise internal as well as external CSR, usually through donation. Most of them do not have a lot of money to spend, and CSR is more about personal ethics than corporate performance. Education and healthcare are the best-supported causes.Key issues are financial limitations, absence of government and local authority backing. Yet CSR benefits like enhanced company reputation and social reputation. For enhancing CSR by SMEs, government, industry organizations, and NGOs will need to come together to increase awareness and encourage collective CSR initiatives at industrial clusters or sectors.

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 Keywords

SME contribution to CSR, Mumbai-based SMEs, CSR awareness in SMEs, Education support by SMEs.

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 Abstract

This study compares mutual funds and real estate in terms of returns and risk. Mutual funds offer higher liquidity and diversification with potentially higher returns, but they come with more volatility. Real estate tends to provide stable, long-term returns, though it requires more capital and active management. The study concludes that the best choice depends on the investor's goals, risk tolerance, and investment horizon, with diversification across both being a practical strategy to reduce risk.

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"Comparing Mutual Funds and Real Estate: Which Offers Better Returns and Lower Risk?"

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Workplace learning and internships have become integral mechanisms for bridging the gap between academic knowledge and industry needs. While traditional education is foundational, it often fails to equip students with job-ready skills. Internships and workplace learning provide crucial real-world exposure, enhance employability, and align talent with labor market demands. This paper explores the importance, impact, challenges, and future directions of internships and workplace learning, supported by both global and Indian data. Specifically, it highlights the role of employability skills in achieving career success and addresses the critical skill gaps that management students face in India's growing economy.

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 Keywords

Workplace Learning, Internships, Employability, Skill Development, Experiential Learning, Career Readiness, Industry-Academia Collaboration, Job Market, Employment Prospects, Skill Gap, Management Education, Digital Literacy, Internship Accessibility, Vocational Training, Policy Interventions

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The need of education in creating sustainable futures has never been greater as the world deals with unparalleled biodiversity loss and environmental degradation. Through the prism of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG 4 (Quality Education), SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), and SDG 15 (Life on Land), this article examines the relationship between education, biodiversity, and industry. This study, titled "Green Skills for a Blue Planet," highlights the pressing need to provide young people with ecological literacy and green skills that meet the needs of sectors that care about biodiversity. The study highlights the disconnects between classroom instruction and actual environmental issues by critically analyzing present educational frameworks. It suggests an integrated approach in which sustainability ideas are woven across academic fields, empowering students to behave as future innovators, entrepreneurs, and policymakers dedicated to ecological balance in addition to understanding biodiversity. This article outlines effective solutions that strengthen national competitiveness while bridging education and employability, drawing on lessons from industry collaborations, curricular changes, and worldwide case studies. By taking this approach, the study hopes to rethink how innovation in education and governance might raise a generation that can promote biodiversity-friendly practices in a variety of industries. In the end, it makes the case that fostering "green minds" now is essential to creating a resilient, biodiverse, and financially viable future.

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 Keywords

Green skills, biodiversity education, sustainable development goals, ecological literacy, youth empowerment, industry collaboration, environmental governance, curriculum innovation

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Accounting graduates have a special requirement of skills to come into working in real manufacturing. The present study, based entirely on secondary data, examines the challenges faced by accounting graduates in the manufacturing sector, specifically with respect to Tata Steel, one of the major players in India's manufacturing industry. This study reviews the competency gaps, as exposed in a thorough review of journals, government reports, and industry analyses, published information from Tata Steel but also includes limited exposure to cost accounting applications, a skewed unfamiliarity with ERP systems like SAP, and very little knowledge of compliance requirements associated with manufacturing' management of inventories, allocation of labor cost, and indirect taxation. Furthermore, the literature suggests that there has been an increasing emphasis on digital finance, sustainability accounting, and cross-functional collaboration, which are not yet adequately covered in the accounting education. The study stresses that changing industry standards require graduates to have, besides technical ability, critical thinking, openness to change, and business acumen in communication. The findings therefore suggest that there continues to be a disconnection between what is taught in the academy as opposed to what the industry requires, especially in capital-intensive areas such as steel production. The better alignment will ensure a ready class of graduates for meaningful work engagements with firms such as Tata Steel and greatly reduce its learning curve in the actual workplace.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Accounting Graduates, Skills Gap, Manufacturing Industry, Tata Steel, Industry Standards, Curriculum-Industry Mismatch, ERP Systems, Financial Practices in Manufacturing

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition