Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Computer networking concepts such as the OSI and TCP/IP models are inherently abstract and layered, making them difficult for students to comprehend using traditional teaching approaches. Existing methods rely heavily on theoretical explanations and static diagrams, which limit conceptual understanding of real-world data flow. This paper presents LearnEasy, an adaptive visualization-based e-learning platform designed to enhance the learning experience of networking concepts through interactive and immersive 3D visualizations, synchronized narration, and gamified assessments. The proposed system integrates a WebGL-based visualization engine with a user-centric adaptive learning mechanism that personalizes content delivery based on learner performance and interaction patterns. The platform enables users to visualize both encapsulation (sender-side) and decapsulation (receiver-side) processes through step-by-step interactive simulations, providing a complete understanding of packet transformation across network layers. It is developed using modern web technologies including React, Three.js, @reactthree/fiber, @react-three/drei, FastAPI, and SQLite, ensuring scalability, responsiveness, and real-time synchronization between frontend and backend components. Experimental analysis indicates improved engagement, retention, and conceptual clarity compared to traditional learning approaches. The integration of 3D visualization and adaptive learning provides a comprehensive and accessible solution for networking education. Keywords--E-learning, Networking Education, 3D Visualization, Adaptive Learning, Gamification, OSI Model, TCP/IP, Routing, Switching, Encapsulation, Decapsulation

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LearnEasy, TCP/IP , OSI, Routing, Switching

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Abstract Peer tutoring, a structured instructional strategy wherein students assist one another in learning, has garnered considerable attention as an intervention for children with learning disabilities (LD). This study investigates the effectiveness of peer tutoring on the academic performance of children with learning disabilities at the elementary school level. A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test design was employed with a sample of 60 students (30 experimental, 30 control) identified with learning disabilities in reading and mathematics. The experimental group received structured peer tutoring sessions for 12 weeks, while the control group followed the conventional teaching method. Data were collected using standardized academic achievement tests and teacher observation scales. Statistical analyses including paired t-test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05) in the academic performance of children in the experimental group compared to the control group. The findings underscore the pedagogical value of peer tutoring as an inclusive and cost-effective intervention strategy for children with learning disabilities. Keywords: Peer Tutoring, Learning Disabilities, Academic Performance, Inclusive Education, Special Education, Elementary School, Intervention Strategy

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Keywords: Peer Tutoring, Learning Disabilities, Academic Performance, Inclusive Education, Special Education, Elementary School, Intervention Strategy

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Agriculture the backbone of India no doubt plays a crucial role in India's economy which provides a support system to the considerable portion of the rural people. However the income of the farmers in India characterized by significant instability arising due to many factors like price fluctuation, uncertain climate condition, high rise input costs, shatter land holding of the farmers and most importantly fluctuating market access. Income instability not only affects the agricultural sector but also affects the socio-economic atmosphere of farmer's household. This seminar here will focus on farms income instability and its impact on farmer's mental condition in India. The study is completely based on secondary data which is collected from published government reports, National Sample Survey Office (NSSO), National Statistical Office (NSO) , Reserve bank of India , NITI Aayog and research studies. The research paper here explores the pattern of farm income, price fluctuation and income diversification over time. Particular attention is given to small and marginal farmers as there number is high and they constitute the majority of agricultural household in India. This paper summarizes about the farmers well-being including economic security, consumption capacity and finally psychological well-being. The study explores that how deeply income uncertainty contributes to stress, reduced consumption capacity and overall insecurity in livelihood among farmers. Farm income totally linked with the challenges in Indian agriculture which includes monsoon, limited access to institutional credit, price fluctuation and imperfect market. While policies as MSP, Crop insurance schemes, Subsidies and income support programs helps to reduce the risks. By focusing on an extensive policy approach on price stabilization, risk management strategies, institutional credit and income support system we can enhance the economic security and can improve the overall well-being of farmers.

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 Keywords

Mental Health, Instability, Food security, Consumption Capacity

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Agriculture is significant for ensuring food, nutrition and living securities for India and it connect almost two-third of the labour force in lucrative employment. On account of its close linkages with other economic sectors, agricultural growth has a multiplier effect on the entire economy of the country. Even though in the past years, Indian agriculture had made a significant progress, but currently it faces many challenges. Stagnation of net sown area, plateauing yield level, and deterioration of soil quality, reduction in per capita land availability and the adverse effect of climate change are the major challenges to Indian agriculture. Agriculture is a cause of climate change and also suffers from the consequences. key adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture are owing to increase in temperature; change in rainfall pattern; weather hazards, decline in soil and water quality; shifting dynamics of insects, diseases, soil flora and fauna; intrusion of sea water on land and biotic and a biotic stresses arising due to climatic extremes. There could be a few positive impacts of climate change on agriculture in some locations because of change in temperature and moisture regimes.

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Agriculture, climate change employment, economic sector, food and nutrition

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Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are crucial to the expansion of the economy and the creation of jobs, but they frequently struggle to get loans because of their inadequate credit history, lack of collateral, and incomplete financial documents. Many SMEs are financially opaque in the financing ecosystem since traditional credit scoring systems mostly rely on formal financial statements. In order to enhance SME loan default prediction in data-sparse settings, this study suggests an explainable multi-source machine learning architecture that incorporates alternative data sources such GST filings, digital payment behavior, cash-flow patterns, and transaction activities. To guarantee both forecast accuracy and transparency in lending decisions, the suggested system integrates Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methodologies with machine learning algorithms. While SHAP and LIME algorithms offer comprehensible explanations for loan approvals and rejections, models like Random Forest and XGBoost are employed for default prediction. The goal of the project is to develop a credit evaluation system that is transparent, dependable, and compliant with regulations in order to improve SME financial inclusion while upholding efficient risk management standards.

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Explainable AI (XAI), machine learning, loan default prediction, data sparsity, financial inclusion, credit risk analytics, multi-source data fusion, fintech, predictive analytics, and SME credit scoring

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia among elderly individuals worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology, stages, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment strategies associated with AD. The disease is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-? (A?) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to neuronal degeneration, cortical atrophy, and cognitive decline. The amyloid cascade hypothesis explains the role of A? accumulation in triggering tau hyperphosphorylation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and synaptic dysfunction. Alzheimers disease progresses through multiple stages, including preclinical stage, mild cognitive impairment, mild-to-moderate AD, and severe AD. Common symptoms include memory loss, language impairment, behavioral disturbances, and reduced spatial awareness. Diagnostic approaches involve clinical examination, neurocognitive assessment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and cerebrospinal fluid biomarker analysis.Currently available pharmacological therapies include cholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine, along with the NMDA receptor antagonist memantine. India faces major challenges in the management of AD because of its rapidly increasing elderly population, lack of awareness, social stigma, and limited healthcare access. Recent advances in immune therapeutics, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, artificial intelligence, and machine learning offer promising future directions for early diagnosis and disease-modifying treatment strategies. However, challenges related to disease heterogeneity, drug delivery, and ethical concerns still remain. Continued research is essential for improving the diagnosis, treatment, and overall management of Alzheimer's disease.

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Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid-? plaques, Neurofibrillary tangles, Dementia, Cognitive decline, Biomarkers, Neurodegeneration, Cholinesterase inhibitors.

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Acne vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous units, primarily caused by excess sebum production, microbial colonisation (Cutibacterium acnes), follicular blockage, and inflammation. Conventional therapies such as antibiotics and retinoids are associated with adverse effects, including irritation, dryness, and microbial resistance. Polyherbal formulations have gained increasing attention due to their synergistic therapeutic effects, safety, and reduced toxicity. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a polyherbal anti-acne gel, incorporating natural ingredients with proven anti-acne properties. Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) were selected as key herbal components due to their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties. Multiple gel formulations were developed by varying the concentration of these herbal extracts, and a comparative evaluation was carried out. The prepared formulations were evaluated for physicochemical parameters such as pH, viscosity, spreadability, extrudability, drug content, and antimicrobial activity. Stability studies were also conducted. Among the formulations, F2 exhibited optimal characteristics in terms of consistency, stability, and antimicrobial activity. The study concludes that polyherbal anti-acne gel is a safe and effective alternative to conventional treatments, and the combination of neem and aloe vera provides enhanced therapeutic benefits.

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Polyherbal Anti-Acne Gel, Acne Vulgaris, Azadirachta indica, Aloe barbadensis Miller, neem, aloe vera, herbal formulation, topical gel, antimicrobial activity, Carbopol gel, comparative study, phytoconstituents, skin disorders. Natural Therapy, Gel Formulation.

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Impact of Soil Physico-Chemical Variability on the Incidence and Population Build-up of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) in Paddy Fields of Kafen, Muzaffarpur, Bihar

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Impact of Soil Physico-Chemical Variability on the Incidence and Population Build-up of Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) in Paddy Fields of Kafen, Muzaffarpur, Bihar

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In the ever-evolving field of education, Computational Thinking (CT) has emerged as a pivotal instructional pedagogy. Computational Thinking (CT) has become a key component of contemporary education, promoting problem-solving abilities that are essential for navigating in a technology-focused world. Computational thinking is a problem-solving approach that draws on techniques and strategies from computer science. It encompasses skills such as decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking, allowing individuals to address complex problems by breaking them into smaller, more manageable parts, recognizing patterns, and creating step-by-step solutions. This way of thinking is not limited to programming; it is a core skill applicable across many fields, enhancing critical and analytical thinking.As technology becomes increasingly intertwined with all aspects of life, developing computational thinking skills from an early age prepares students to meet the demands of the modern workforce. By incorporating computational thinking into education, teachers can help students systematically and creatively handle problems, making them better equipped to handle the challenges of the digital world. In this line this theme paper introduces Computational Thinking (CT) as an Innovative Pedagogy along with its Origin, Theoretical framework, Components of Computational thinking and its application in the classroom for student community.

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Computational thinking, Innovative pedagogy, decomposition, pattern recognition, abstraction, algorithmic thinking.

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Most common cause of knee joint pain is osteoarthritis specially in old age patients. It is a degenerative condition which cause the disability in old age people. Even though Osteoarthritis is considered as a non-inflammatory arthritis, increasing evidence has shown that inflammation tends to occur as agents such as cytokines and metalloproteinases are released into the joint. It is characterised by growth of osteophytes at the articular ends, which make movements limited and painful. Patients present with pain and stiffness in joints, worsened activity and relieved by rest. Nearest correlation of this disease is janugata sandhivata, in which there is a manifestation of vitiation in vata dosha along with anubandha of Kapha dosha. Agnikarma can be considered as the best line of management of this disease as it mitigates both vata and kapha dosha. This paper is an effort to show the usefulness of Agnikarma in osteoarthritis. For this, the paper includes a case study of 68-year-old female patient who came with complaints of pain in both knees with having difficulty in walking, standing, not able to climb stairs, felt stiffness in joint after sitting and standing for some time for 5 years. Patient had taken various treatment including allopathic, physiotherapy treatments but got only temporary relief. Agnikarma was planned for her management. And in 3 sittings of 7 days interval she had shown marked improvement in her symptoms.

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Osteoarthritis, janugata sandhivata, Agnikarma

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