Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Transgender individuals often experience disproportionate health disparities worldwide. Defined as persons whose gender identity differs from the sex assigned at birth, transgender populations navigate a social environment marked by stigma, discrimination, and limited rights. Health care barriers for transgender persons include lack of provider knowledge, discriminatory attitudes, economic hardship, and absence of gender-affirming services. In India, despite growing legal recognition, transgender individuals continue to encounter systemic obstacles in health care access. Palakkad District, with its mixed rural-urban population and evolving health infrastructure, provides a critical context for examining these barriers. This study aims to identify and analyze the key factors that impede equitable health care access for the transgender community in Palakkad.

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 Keywords

Transgender, Health Care, Stigma, Limited Rights

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 Abstract

Background: Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Pain in cancer may arise from a tumor compressing or infiltrating nearby body parts; from treatments and diagnostic procedures or from the skin, nerve and other changes caused by a hormone imbalance or an immune response. Reiki, a stress reduction and relaxation technique, has become a subject of curiosity for cancer patients everywhere. Reiki therapy has many benefits not only physically, but mentally and emotionally as well. It also helps to relieve the pain as well as provide physical relief. Reiki is a non-invasive technique that causes no side effects or complications. Objective: The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Reiki Therapy on pain among patients admitted in a selected cancer hospital of Bhopal. Material and method: In this study, an experimental one group pre-test, post-test design was carried out to assess the effectiveness of Reiki therapy on pain among cancer patients of Navodaya Cancer Hospital, Bhopal. The Purposive Sampling technique was adopted for data collection and 25 cancer patients was collected in this study. The data were collected by using a Visual analogue Scale. They were assessed for the level of pain. Data was analyzed by using SPSS. Result: the finding of the study shows that the majority of the subjects were in the age group of 41-50 years 12 (48%), were male 22 (88%), belonged to the joint family 15 (60%), 13 (52%) were 10000 per month or less, most of the respondents 7 (28%) were in the education of middle and higher secondary, most of the respondents 15 (60%) were in the duration of illness 1 year or less. The moderate pain post-test score of level of pain 14 (56%) is lower than the moderate pain pre-test score level of pain 16 (64%). Finding related to the effectiveness of Reiki therapy on pain among cancer patients was found through paired t test value 15.501 & P value. 000. There was significant difference between pre-test, post-test level of pain. Conclusion: Based on the finding, the investigator conducted that Reiki therapy is significantly effective in reducing pain among cancer patients.

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 Keywords

Effectiveness, Reiki therapy, Pain, Cancer

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 Abstract

Toni Morrison's The Bluest Eye (1970) presents a harrowing exploration of how racialized beauty standards and systemic oppression shape Black identity, particularly through the tragic life of Pecola Breedlove. Set in 1940s America, the novel critiques the psychological impact of internalized racism, colorism, and societal beauty norms that position whiteness as the ultimate standard of desirability and worth. Through the contrasting perspectives of Pecola and Claudia, Morrison illustrates how white-dominated aesthetics lead to self-hatred, alienation, and the erasure of Black girlhood. This study examines the novel's intersectional themes of race, gender, class, and trauma using Black feminist criticism, psychoanalytic theory, and postcolonial discourse. The paper explores how The Bluest Eye deconstructs Eurocentric ideals of beauty, exposes the sexual and racial violence inflicted on Black girls, and critiques the complicity of both white supremacy and internalized anti-Blackness within Black communities. Employing close textual analysis alongside Black feminist, psychoanalytic, and postcolonial frameworks, this study argues that Morrison's nonlinear narrative and fragmented storytelling reflect the psychological fractures of her characters, reinforcing the novel's central argument: that systemic racism does not merely oppress Black individuals--it erases them. The study concludes that, through Pecola's tragic fate, Morrison forces readers to confront the consequences of a society that refuses to see Black girls as worthy of love, protection, or humanity, and that such literary representation carries urgent contemporary relevance

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 Keywords

Internalized Racism (IR), Beauty Standards, Black Girlhood, Sexual and Racial Violence, Colorism, Toni Morrison

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

This project focuses on designing a differential gearbox for a small commercial vehicle, taking the TATA ACE as a reference. The main goal was to design a gearbox that allows the rear wheels to rotate at different speeds while smoothly transferring power from the engine. The considered data such as engine power, torque, and material properties were collected from reliable sources like Tata Motors official website and research papers. The gearbox components were designed using standard formulas for strength, wear, and load capacity. The material 20MnCr5 was chosen because it offers good strength and resistance to wear. A 3D model of the gearbox was created in SolidWorks 2025 to check dimensions and assembly. The design was further verified through static structural analysis in ANSYS, which showed that the maximum stress and deformation values were well within safe limit, confirming the strength and stiffness of the gearbox. The results showed that the design is safe and slightly overdesigned, which adds to its reliability. In the future, the design can be improved by performing static and thermal analysis, using 3D printing (additive manufacturing), and modifying it for electric and hybrid vehicles to make it more efficient and modern.

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 Keywords

Solid works, Tata Ace, Differential gear box, Bevel gear, Static Analysis

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The "Elevate Text into Video" system uses techniques like NLP and diffusion models to automatically convert text or speech into engaging videos with minimal user effort.It supports multiple visual styles and automatic voice narration, making video creation fast, efficient, and user-friendly.

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Text-to-Video, NLP, Diffusion Models, AI Video Generation, Deep Learning

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The primary aim of the topic is to formulate and evaluate a phytosome-based topical gel containing extract of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia) and Cassia fistula with objective of enhancing phytoconstituent bioavailability and assessing its anti-inflammatory. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of a phytosome-based topical herbal gel containing extracts of Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia) and Cassia fistula for enhanced anti-inflammatory activity. Herbal extracts often show limited therapeutic effectiveness due to poor solubility and low bioavailability; therefore, phytosome technology using phospholipids such as soya lecithin was employed to improve their absorption and stability. The extracts were prepared using suitable extraction methods and formulated into phytosomes, which were then incorporated into a topical gel base. The prepared formulation was evaluated for parameters such as particle size, entrapment efficiency, pH, viscosity, spreadability, stability, and in vitro drug release. Black Turmeric possesses anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic properties, while Cassia fistula is known for its anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects. The phytosomal gel formulation is expected to improve bioavailability, enhance skin permeation, and provide better therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional herbal formulations .

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Phytosomal gel, Cassia fistula , Curcuma caesia , Phytosome , Herbal drug delivery, Anti-inflammatory activity.

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Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, rapidly progressive, and potentially life-threatening soft tissue infection characterized by extensive necrosis of the fascia and surrounding subcutaneous tissues. It is commonly caused by polymicrobial organisms or Group A Streptococcus and is associated with high morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Clinical manifestations typically include severe pain disproportionate to physical findings, erythema, edema, fever, and systemic toxicity. Early diagnosis remains challenging because initial symptoms may resemble less severe skin and soft tissue infections. Diagnostic evaluation is primarily based on clinical assessment and may be supported by laboratory investigations, imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and scoring systems including the Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis (LRINEC). Prompt surgical debridement, aggressive supportive care, and broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy constitute the mainstay of management. Delayed intervention significantly increases the risk of septic shock, multiorgan failure, limb loss, and mortality. This review summarizes the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic approaches, and current management strategies of necrotizing fasciitis, with emphasis on the importance of early recognition and multidisciplinary treatment for improving patient outcomes.

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Necrotizing fasciitis; Soft tissue infection; Group A Streptococcus; Surgical debridement; LRINEC score.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Abstract: Microbiomes : microbial communities exist consistently in or on living hosts, such as humans, animals, plants, in soil, water and air. The microbiome includes micoorganisms, like bacteria, fungi, viruses, and their genes. Microorganisms in microbiomes interact dynamically with their hosts and among themselves to form synergistic relationships. These interactions determine the composition of the microbiome and influence not only the features of the ecosystems where they reside, but can also have effects affecting the physiology of the hosts. The disease development is often correlated with microbial dysbiosis, or a shift in the microbiota. Gut dysbiosis may lead to Neurological, Gastrointestinal diseases, Celiac disease, Liver diseases, Allergies etc. Other reasons for dysbiosis and gut disorders are medications, unhealthy lifestyles, and genetic conditions. Current review focuses on studying effectiveness of Microbiome techniques in treating gut disorders as Microbiome engineering gaining more attention from few decades. Microbiome engineering probably applied most extensively on the human microbiome due to the potential of manipulating microbiota in humans for treatment of diseases. Allopathy often focuses on symptom suppression and acute intervention, while microbiome therapy aims to restore ecosystem (human) balance to address root causes. Microbiome techniques like Probiotoics, FMT, Phage therapy, omics studies are proving their effectiveness in treating the GI conditions. Engineering methods like FMT, Genetically engineered bacteria, prebiotic, probiotics are gaining success. Products like Rebyota, SER-109 / Vowst are successful for treatment of C. difficile infection. Although certain limitations of microbiome engineering are like poor Engraftment, Colonization Challenges & risks of altering the human microbiome detailed studies and research in combination with smart tools will lead to new trend in disease treatment. Microbiome techniques are thus effective, safe & have clinical applications in treating GI disorders.

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Key words: Microbiome, Microbiome techniques/ engineering, Microbes, Gut disorders.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The rapid advancement of electric vehicles(EVs) has created a critical demand for intelligent and reliable battery management systems (BMS) to ensure safety, efficiency, and extended battery lifespan. Conventional BMS approaches are predominantly rule based and lack of predictive capabilities, resulting in suboptimal performance under dynamic operating conditions. This paper proposes an IoT driven predictive battery management framework that integrates real time sensing, cloud based communication, and artificial intelligence techniques for enhanced monitoring and control of EV batteries. The system continuously acquires key parameters including voltage (0 to 400 V), current (o to 200 A), temperature (-10 c to 60 C), and charge cycles using IoT enabled sensors and transmits the data to a cloud platform for analysis. Machine learning models, including support vector machine(SVM), Random Forest(RF) and Artificial Neural Network(ANN) are employed for accurate estimation of State of charge(SoC) and State of Health (SoH), as well as early fault detection. Experimental results demonstrate that the ANN model achieves a prediction accuracy of 96.2%. outperforming RF (94.8%) and SVM (91.3%. the proposed system reduces fault detection latency by approximately 28% and improves battery lifespan bt 18 to 22 % compared to conventional BMS techniques. Additionally, real time IoT monitoring enables continuous tracking with a data transmission interval of 1 to 2 seconds. The result indicate that the proposed framework significantly enhances battery reliability, operational efficiency, safety, making it a scalable solution for next generation EV applications.

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 Keywords

Keywords- Electric Vehicles, Battery Management System, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, state of Charge, State of Health, Predictive maintenance, Machine learning

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increasing number of fake, forged, and tampered academic and professional certificates has become a major concern for universities, employers and verification authorities. Traditional certificate verification methods rely on centralized databases, manual checking, or physical document validation, all of which are slow, prone to manipulation, and lack transparency. This paper proposes a Tamper Proof Certificate Verification System using Blockchain Technology, designed to provide a secure, decentralized, and immutable platform for issuing and verifying certificates. The system architecture incorporates a web-based portal for certificate generation by authorized institutions, a secure blockchain backend for data storage using SHA-256 cryptographic hashing and smart contracts, and a public verification module that allows users or employers to instantly validate certificates by scanning a OR code or entering a unique blockchain transaction ID. The findings indicate that blockchain-based systems can successfully prevent certificate fraud, streamline verification processes, and provide a scalable solution for academic and professional credential validation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Blockchain, Certificate Verification, SHA-256, Smart Contracts, OR Code Authentication, Decentralized System, Tamper Detection, Digital Credentials.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition