Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

This paper presents a secure compression-aware WebP steganography framework for hidden PDF transmission using Brotli compression, AES-256 encryption, and tri-level luminance adaptive LSB embedding. The payload is first compressed to reduce redundancy and then encrypted to ensure confidentiality before embedding into lossless WebP images. A key contribution is the proposed LSB-safe luminance stabilization mechanism, which prevents adaptive threshold drift and ensures deterministic sender-receiver synchronization during extraction. Experimental evaluation on three WebP cover-image scales achieved PSNR values from 61.03 dB to 68.20 dB, SSIM up to 0.999999, and BER as low as 0.00053280, confirming excellent imperceptibility and reliable payload recovery. The framework provides a practical and secure solution for covert document communication.

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 Keywords

WebP steganography, Brotli compression, AES-256 encryption, tri-level luminance adaptive embedding, LSB-safe luminance stabilization.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Primary Health Centres (PHCs) are vital to rural healthcare, making the timely availability of medical supplies crucial for effective patient care. This study examines the impact of inventory management practices specifically stock maintenance, procurement processes, and storage techniques on the service efficiency of Primary Health Centres. Adopting a descriptive research design, primary data was collected from medical officers, pharmacists, and administrative staff using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analyses were conducted to evaluate the relationship between inventory control measures (such as stock-out frequency and lead time management) and service quality metrics, including essential drug availability and patient waiting times. The findings reveal a strong positive relationship between efficient inventory management and improved healthcare delivery. Conversely, frequent stock-outs and inadequate demand forecasting directly contribute to extended patient waiting times and service bottlenecks. The study concludes that adopting systematic inventory control techniques, such as robust stock monitoring and accurate demand prediction, is essential to minimize medicine shortages, reduce wastage, and significantly enhance operational efficiency in PHCs.

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 Keywords

Inventory Management; Primary Health Centres (PHCs); Service Efficiency; Healthcare Supply Chain; Rural Healthcare

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 Abstract

The rapid growth of e-commerce and digital logistics has increased the demand for fast, reliable, and transparent courier services. Real-time delivery tracking systems have become an essential technological innovation in improving operational performance within logistics organizations. Technologies such as GPS, barcode scanning, Internet of Things (IoT), RFID, and digital logistics platforms enable continuous shipment monitoring and provide accurate delivery updates to customers and operational staff. The present study examines the impact of real-time delivery tracking systems on operational performance at DTDC Courier Services. The study focuses on how tracking systems influence delivery efficiency, delivery reliability, customer satisfaction, operational coordination, and shipment transparency. Primary data was collected from 103 employees of DTDC Courier Services through a structured questionnaire using simple random sampling. Secondary data was collected from journals, company reports, websites, and previous research studies. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, mean, standard deviation, correlation, regression, chi-square, and ANOVA were used for analysis through MS Excel and SPSS. The findings indicate that respondents strongly agree that real-time tracking systems improve service efficiency, customer satisfaction, delivery accuracy, and operational transparency. Customers also expect more frequent tracking updates and improved user-friendliness in tracking systems. The study concludes that real-time delivery tracking systems significantly contribute to improving operational performance and customer confidence in DTDC Courier Services.

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 Keywords

Real-Time Tracking, Operational Performance, DTDC, Logistics Management, Customer Satisfaction, Courier Services, Delivery Efficiency.

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Municipal solid waste (MSW) management remains a critical environmental challenge in rapidly urbanizing Tier-II cities of India, where inadequate infrastructure often leads to open dumping, methane emissions, and resource wastage. This study performs a comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of the MSW management system in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, following ISO 14040/14044 standards. Gwalior, with a population exceeding 1.2 million, generates approximately 380-484 tons per day (TPD) of MSW, predominantly organic (55-58%), followed by recyclables (20-25%) and inerts. The current system involves partial door-to-door collection (70-80% efficiency, ~200-400 TPD), transportation to the Kedarpur site (25 ha, operated via public-private partnership with M/s AKC Developers), mechanical segregation, composting (capacity ~370 TPD), refuse-derived fuel (RDF) production (MRF capacity ~250 TPD), and residual open dumping/landfilling, compounded by legacy waste of ~603,089 metric tons targeted for remediation by March 2025. The LCA evaluates cradle-to-grave impacts using a functional unit of 1 ton of MSW, drawing on secondary data from GMC reports, CPCB inventories, and analogous Indian studies. Key impact categories assessed via CML 2001 method include global warming potential (GWP: 500-700 kg CO?-eq/ton, dominated by uncontrolled methane from dumps), acidification potential (AP: 1.0-1.5 kg SO?-eq/ton), eutrophication potential (EP: 0.6-1.0 kg PO?-eq/ton), and human toxicity potential (HTP: 10-20 kg 1,4-DB-eq/ton). Baseline results highlight open dumping as the primary hotspot, mirroring inefficiencies in similar Indian contexts (e.g., Nagpur, Tricity region). Alternative scenarios--enhanced organics diversion to anaerobic digestion/biogas and expanded RDF utilization--demonstrate potential reductions of 60-80% in GWP through methane capture and energy recovery. Sensitivity analyses emphasize improved collection efficiency and source segregation as leverage points. This depth analysis identifies environmental hotspots, underscores the urgency of integrated, circular approaches aligned with Solid Waste Management Rules 2016, and provides evidence-based recommendations for policymakers to advance sustainable urban resilience in Gwalior and comparable cities. Keywords: Life Cycle Assessment, Municipal Solid Waste Management, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, Global Warming Potential, Open Dumping, Composting, Refuse-Derived Fuel, Anaerobic Digestion, Circular Economy .Sensitivity analysis on collection efficiency and processing rates. Scenarios: Baseline (current), S1 (enhanced composting + biogas), S2 (incineration with energy recovery), benchmarked against Tricity and Delhi.

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 Keywords

Life Cycle Assessment,Municipal solid waste management,Global Warming Potential Open dumping.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This research article examines the impact of GST 2.0 on supply chain management and pricing strategies in the retail business sector. GST 2.0 has simplified taxation procedures while introducing operational and compliance-related challenges for retailers. The study analyzes how retail businesses have modified their procurement, inventory, logistics, and pricing systems to adapt to the revised tax regime. The article further explores the influence of GST 2.0 on operational efficiency, product pricing, market competitiveness, and customer demand. The study is based on secondary data collected from journals, reports, online articles, and business publications. The findings indicate that GST 2.0 has improved transparency and reduced tax cascading effects, but small retailers continue to face technological and compliance challenges. The study concludes that effective supply chain restructuring and strategic pricing decisions are essential for retailers to sustain profitability in the evolving tax environment.

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 Keywords

GST 2.0, Retail Business, Supply Chain, Pricing Strategy, Tax Reforms, Inventory Management, Logistics, Retail Sector.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Cough is one of the most frequently encountered respiratory symptoms in the paediatric population worldwide. Many commercially available antitussive preparations contain alcohol, synthetic colorants, and pharmacologically active compounds with unfavourable risk profiles in children, underscoring an urgent need for safer, naturally derived alternatives. Glycyrrhiza glabra (liquorice) and Piper longum (pippali) are well-documented Ayurvedic herbs recognised for their antitussive, expectorant, antiinflammatory, and bronchodilatory properties. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate an alcohol-free paediatric herbal jelly incorporating aqueous extracts of G. glabra and P. longum for the management of cough in children aged 2-12 years. Aqueous extracts were prepared by the decoction method and incorporated into an agar-based jelly (2% w/v) at a batch scale of 25-50 mL, containing honey as a sweetener, sodium benzoate (1% w/v) as a preservative, and citric acid for pH adjustment. The prepared jelly exhibited a characteristic brown colour with a pleasant odour and acceptable consistency. No observable syneresis was recorded for a period exceeding one week under ambient storage conditions. The formulation presents a promising, child-friendly, alcohol-free alternative for paediatric cough management. Further evaluation including pH determination, drug content analysis, in-vitro drug release, and long-term stability assessment is recommended.

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 Keywords

Paediatric formulation, herbal jelly, cough, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Piper longum, agar, antitussive, expectorant.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The increasing adoption of flexible work arrangements has transformed traditional employment structures, particularly in the post-pandemic era. Organizations across the globe have shifted towards hybrid and remote work models alongside conventional on-site work to enhance employee productivity and well-being. This study examines the impact of hybrid, remote and on-site work environments on the work-life balance of employees in the Delhi National Capital Region (Delhi NCR), India. Using a quantitative research approach, primary data were collected from 55 working professionals across IT and service sectors in Delhi NCR. The findings reveal that hybrid and remote work environments significantly improve work-life balance by offering flexibility, reduced commuting time, and better personal time management, whereas on-site work provides structure and collaboration but often results in higher stress levels due to rigid schedules and long travel hours. The study emphasizes the need for flexible, employee-centric HR policies and outcome-based performance evaluation systems to promote sustainable work-life balance in metropolitan regions.

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 Keywords

Work-Life Balance, Hybrid Work, Remote Work, On-Site Work, Delhi NCR

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In today's era, artificial intelligence is playing a revolutionary role in the field of education; that is, in this era of digital technology, teaching and learning without AI is becoming difficult, especially in the field of teaching. It significantly affects the learning methods and assessment system. In this study, the view of future teachers, namely B.Ed. pupils' teachers, on artificial intelligence is of great importance because through them, modern educational technology will be put into practice. The objective of this research paper is to assess the overall effectiveness, awareness, and attitude of B.Ed. pupils' teachers towards artificial intelligence. for the conduct of the research paper, 100 B.Ed. pupil's teacher select through random sample from different institution, and for this, the descriptive survey research method was adopted as the research method, and the information was collected through a structured questionnaire (Google Form). This Google form consist 40 items from all the three dimensions. Based on the data analyses, it was observed that a large number of pupils teachers have a highly positive awareness towards AI 43% and find the effectiveness of AI positive concern with 33%, student-oriented, and attitude 38% strongly willing in making it as per individual needs. Nevertheless, some of the teachers also aired their concerns relating to the unqualified use of artificial intelligence. It can be stated that based on the findings of the study, even though the B.Ed. pupils teacher are in favor of artificial intelligence, in order to implement it efficiently, it is inescapable to include topics of artificial intelligence in the training programs of teachers. This research can prove to be a guide for policymakers, institutions providing teacher training programs, and educational planners.

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 Keywords

Key Words: - Perception, B.Ed. Pupils Teacher and Artificial Intelligence.

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 Abstract

Melasma is a common dermatological condition characterized by hyperpigmentation, primarily affecting the facial region. The present study focused on the formulation and evaluation of a herbal anti-melasma cream containing mulberry extract as the main active ingredient because of its tyrosinase inhibitory potential. Green tea extract was also incorporated for its antioxidant and photoprotective properties, along with suitable excipients to develop a stable and cosmetically acceptable formulation. The cream was prepared using the emulsification method and evaluated for various physicochemical parameters such as appearance, pH, spreadability, homogeneity, washability, and skin irritation. The formulated cream exhibited a smooth texture, good consistency, and a white to off-white appearance. The pH of the formulation was found to be within the range of 6.2-6.4, making it suitable for topical application. In addition, the formulation showed satisfactory spreadability, easy washability, and no signs of skin irritation. The findings suggest that the developed herbal cream is stable, safe, and potentially effective for the management of melasma and other hyperpigmentation disorders. The formulation may serve as a promising natural alternative for topical skin care applications.

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 Keywords

Mulberry, melasma

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Geopolymer cement concretes' (GPC) an inorganic polymer materials to become a significant component of environmentally sustainable construction, offering an alternative or supplement to conventional concrete. Ground granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBFS) and fly ash based on Geopolymer concrete. In which cement is fully replaced by pozzolanic material that is rich in silicon GGBFS is a by-product of Steel manufacturing industry, to get the desired strength with conventional concrete. By conducting short-term and long-term tests, efforts to find the most suitable proportion of fly-ash and GGBFS give the closest strength results to conventional concrete. Cement is replaced 100% by fly ash and GGBFS as a partial replacement fine aggregate with an interval 10%,20%,30%,40% in Geopolymer concrete with addition of 2% Glass fiber in Geopolymer concretes . M30 grade concrete, mechanical and durability tests were conducted.

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 Keywords

Alkaline liquid; Glass Fiber; Ambient temperature curing; Flyash; Geopolymer concrete; Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition