Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

 Abstract

Fluid dynamics is a significant branch of applied mathematics that studies the motion of liquids and gases through mathematical models and computational techniques. The subject connects differential equations, numerical analysis, vector calculus, topology, and computational mathematics with practical applications in engineering, meteorology, medicine, astrophysics, and environmental science. This paper explores the mathematical foundations of fluid dynamics and its applications in modern mathematics. Special emphasis is placed on the Navier-Stokes equations, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), turbulence modeling, dynamical systems, and machine learning-assisted simulations. The paper also discusses current mathematical challenges, including the famous Navier-Stokes existence and smoothness problem, one of the Millennium Prize Problems. Fluid dynamics demonstrates how mathematical theories contribute directly to solving real-world scientific and engineering problems.

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 Keywords

Fluid Dynamics, Applied Mathematics, Navier-Stokes Equations, Computational Fluid Dynamics, Differential Equations, Numerical Analysis, Turbulence, Mathematical Modeling

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. The increasing prevalence of diabetes and the limitations of synthetic drugs have led to growing interest in herbal medicines. This study focuses on the evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of selected herbal extracts using experimental animal models. Herbal extracts were prepared using standard extraction techniques and evaluated for their phytochemical constituents. The anti-diabetic activity was assessed using streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Parameters such as fasting blood glucose levels, body weight, lipid profile, and histopathological studies were analyzed. The results demonstrated significant reduction in blood glucose levels in treated groups, indicating potential anti-diabetic activity of the selected herbal extracts. The study supports the traditional use of these herbs and highlights their potential for development into safer anti- diabetic formulations.

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 Keywords

Diabetes Mellitus, Herbal Extracts, STZ Model, Phytochemicals, Anti-diabetic Activity

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Agriculture plays a significant role in the Indian economy, especially in states like Maharashtra where a large population depends on farming for livelihood. Farmers often face challenges such as improper crop selection, crop diseases, uncertain weather conditions, low profitability, and lack of awareness about crop insurance schemes. Most existing agricultural systems focus on individual services and do not provide an integrated solution for farmers. This paper presents CropGenius, an integrated AI-based smart farming assistance system developed using Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and web technologies. The system recommends suitable crops based on district, season, soil type, irrigation method, and land size using a Random Forest model. It also detects crop diseases from uploaded leaf images using CNN and TensorFlow Lite models. Additional features include yield and profit estimation, crop comparison, Smart Bima insurance recommendation, multilingual support, and expert chat assistance. The system is implemented using Flask, SQLite, Scikit-learn, TensorFlow, OpenCV, and Tailwind CSS. CropGenius combines multiple agricultural services into a single user-friendly platform to improve farming decisions, reduce crop losses, and increase farmer accessibility to digital agricultural support systems.

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 Keywords

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Smart Farming, Crop Recommendation, Disease Detection, Deep Learning, Smart Agriculture, Crop Insurance, Random Forest, CNN, TensorFlow, Flask, Agricultural Decision Support System.

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Women have been taking the whole charge in weaving, as men are taboo to weave in Naga society. The weaving monopoly by Naga women has been holding and carrying the Naga identity through weaving. The present study focuses on the role women involved in Chizami Weaves in the socio-economic empowerment of rural women in Phek district of Nagaland. Chizami Weaves was initiated by North East Network in 2008 and has emerged as an important platform for preserving traditional textile practices while generating sustainable livelihood opportunities for women weavers. The study examines the socio-economic condition of women engaged in the project, the benefits derived from their participation, and the challenges faced by them in their working environment. Chizami Weaves as an organization has played a significant role in enhancing women's economic independence, improving their standard of living and increasing their participation in social and economic activities. The project has also contributed towards the preservation of traditional weaving skills and the promotion of rural employment. However, issues such as financial limitations, marketing difficulties and infrastructural constrained continue to effect the women weavers. This study tries to analyze and understand how Chizami Weaves has emerged as an important instrument for women's empowerment, sustainable livelihood, and rural development in Nagaland.

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 Keywords

Gender, Empowerment, Sustainable Livelihood, Economy, Weaving, etc

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Repetitive clenching or grinding of teeth is the hallmark of bruxism, a parafunctional behaviour that causes tooth deterioration, muscular exhaustion, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Recent research emphasises the significance of occlusion in its pathogenesis, which has hitherto been thought to be complex with a significant psychological component. A quantifiable occlusal therapy for lowering bruxism activity is Disclusion Time Reduction (DTR), which is accomplished through Immediate Complete Anterior Guidance Development (ICAGD). The purpose of this review is to assess the effectiveness of DTR in treating bruxism, with a focus on the neurophysiological underpinnings, clinical results, and supporting data. Research shows that muscular hyperactivity, bruxism frequency, and related symptoms are considerably reduced when disclusion time is reduced to less than 0.5 seconds . Additionally, DTR enhances patient-reported results and occlusal force distribution . While encouraging, more randomised controlled trials are needed to determine its long-term effectiveness.

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ICAGD, Occlusion, TMD, Disclusion Time Reduction, Bruxism

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Study focuses on effectiveness of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) in promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in rural India from a sociological perspective. Gender inequality remains a major challenge in rural society, where women often experience discrimination in education, employment, decision-making, property rights, and social participation due to patriarchal norms, economic dependency, and limited access to resources. In this context, SHGs have emerged as an important mechanism for improving the socio-economic conditions of rural women through savings, credit activities, collective participation, and awareness generation The study is based on secondary data collected from books, research articles, government reports, journals, and policy documents. It analyzes the role of SHGs in enhancing women's economic independence, social awareness, political participation, leadership development, and decision-making power. The study is supported by sociological perspectives such as Feminist Theory, Empowerment Theory, and Amartya Sen's Capability Approach, which explain how SHGs contribute to challenging patriarchal structures and expanding women's capabilities and opportunities. The findings indicate that SHGs significantly contribute to women's economic and social empowerment by improving access to microcredit, skill development, income-generating activities, and community participation. SHGs also promote awareness regarding education, healthcare, legal rights, and gender justice, thereby strengthening women's confidence and collective identity. Furthermore, participation in SHGs enhances women's involvement in household decision-making and local governance institutions. However, the study also observes that the effectiveness of SHGs varies across regions due to factors such as illiteracy, caste hierarchy, poverty, patriarchal attitudes, and inadequate institutional support. The study concludes that SHGs are not merely financial institutions but important agents of social transformation that contribute to gender equality and inclusive rural development. Strengthening SHGs through policy support, education, training, and institutional assistance can further enhance their role in achieving sustainable women's empowerment and social justice in rural areas.

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 Keywords

Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Gender Equality, Women Empowerment, Rural Development, Economic Empowerment, Social Empowerment, Patriarchy, Microfinance, Rural Women, Sociological Perspective, Decision-Making, Social Change, Capability Approach, Feminist Theory, Empowerment Theory.

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The relationship between Islamic law and international women's human rights has long been the subject of scholarly debate, particularly in the context of gender equality, family law, and personal status regulations in Muslim-majority societies. This paper examines the role of ijtihad independent juristic reasoning as a transformative mechanism capable of reconciling Islamic jurisprudence with international human rights norms, especially those concerning women's rights. It argues that many gender inequalities attributed to Islamic law are rooted not in immutable divine injunctions but in historically conditioned patriarchal interpretations of fiqh. Through the revival of contextual and purposive interpretations grounded in maq??id al-shar??ah (objectives of Islamic law), ijtihad offers a legitimate internal methodology for reform. The paper analyses the evolution of ijtihad, its decline and revival, and the contributions of contemporary Muslim reformist scholars such as Abdullah Ahmed An-Na?im, Amina Wadud, Fazlur Rahman, Khaled Abou El Fadl, and Jasser Auda. It further evaluates the compatibility between Islamic legal principles and international human rights instruments, particularly the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). The study concludes that dynamic ijtihad can serve as a normative bridge between Islamic legal traditions and universal women's human rights by promoting justice, dignity, equality, and social welfare without undermining Islamic authenticity.

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 Keywords

Ijtihad, Islamic legal reform, women's rights, CEDAW, maq??id al-shar??ah, gender justice, Islamic jurisprudence, human rights.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

In The NeuroJoy system is an accessibility-first mental health and communication application designed to support disabled, neurodiverse, and non-verbal users. It addresses the lack of inclusive communication tools and integrated wellness solutions often overlooked by mainstream technology. With a high-contrast interface, customizable text-to-speech paths, and voice prompts, NeuroJoy enables effortless self-expression while reducing visual strain. Its multi-user profile management makes it ideal for therapy, classrooms, and caregiving environments, while smart sorting of common communication paths ensures faster, smoother interactions. To further broaden accessibility, the platform supports localization in English, Hindi, Marathi allowing users and caregivers worldwide to engage without language barriers.Looking ahead, NeuroJoy is set to expand with daily mood check-ins, cognitive mini games for memory and relaxation, and private therapy logs that help track progress and insights in a safe space

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 Keywords

Neurodiverse individuals, Text-to-speech (TTS), Multilingual support, Disabled users

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 Abstract

Video editing is now more accessible to the development of modern tools with the popularity of digital media. Consequently, the altered videos may quickly confuse individuals, particularly with fake news or fake evidence. This paper proposes a method to identify video forgeries using deep learning technologies such as Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN), LSTM, and Faster R-CNN-based object detection techniques [2][3][4].The system is implemented as a web-based interface where users are allowed to upload videos. The video input is divided into frames to be analysed, and each frame is analysed to determine potential changes. Spatial features of each frame are learned using DCNN, and temporal dependencies between frames are learned with the help of LSTM. In addition to this, there is also the Faster R-CNN (Region Based Convolutional Neural Network) method of object detection that localises the very REGIONS that the video may have been manipulated. Finally, the system identifies whether the video is authentic or not and whether manipulated regions are identified. Based on the findings, the system is competitive in accuracy and efficiency. The suggested system could be applied in practice in finding fake videos, digital forensics investigations, and verification of online sources.

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 Keywords

Video Forgery Detection, CNN, LSTM, Object Detection, Deep Learning, Digital Forensics

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T.A.R.S. (Talk. Acknowledge. Reflect. Stabilise.) is a production-deployed AI-powered mental health conversational system designed to provide emotionally intelligent and personalized support through Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and sentiment-aware dialogue generation. The system integrates a fine-tuned RoBERTa-based sentiment classifier, achieving 85.9% accuracy, with LangChain and ChromaDB-based persistent memory to maintain long-term conversational context. Built using a FastAPI backend, PostgreSQL persistence layer, and a React frontend deployed on Vercel, T.A.R.S. delivers scalable, privacy-focused, and adaptive therapeutic interactions. The proposed architecture addresses major limitations of existing AI therapy systems, including lack of memory continuity, limited personalization, and poor emotional understanding, establishing a practical framework for next-generation mental health AI systems.

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 Keywords

Conversational AI, Mental Health, Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), Sentiment Analysis, Emotionally Intelligent AI, Large Language Models (LLMs), RoBERTa, LangChain, ChromaDB, Therapeutic Chatbot, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Transformer Models, AI Mental Health Support, Vector Database, Persistent Memory, Semantic Retrieval, Context-Aware Dialogue Systems, Emotion Classification, Human-Computer Interaction, Personalized AI, FastAPI, PostgreSQL, Full-Stack AI System, Cloud Deployment,

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