Volume 14 | Issue 5 |

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Arduino Uno, INA219 Sensor, NTC Thermistor, LCD Display, Battery Monitoring, Fault Detection, Embedded System, Logistic Regression, Machine Learning, Real-Time Monitoring, Normal and Abnormal.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The Krishna Valley is one of the most important cultural regions of South India, showing continuous human occupation from prehistoric times to the early historic period. Among these phases, the Megalithic culture (Iron Age) occupies a crucial position and forms a cultural link between the Neolithic-Chalcolithic and Early Historic (Satavahana) periods. In the Krishna Valley, especially in Guntur and Krishna Districts, Megalithic remains are found widely in the form of burial monuments, iron implements, and characteristic pottery. Explorations and excavations, in the Krishna valley brought to light several burial complexes with different architectural features, yet culturally homogeneous in nature. This is perhaps due to the existence of several tribal groups in the Megalithic society, who followed invariably their burial practices in accordance with their tribal practices to fulfill their eschatological belie The region records a very good cultural evolution from Paleolithic to the modern time. Even though man accustomed to modern technology, there are still people in few areas of this region still in the stage of hunting and gathering (Chenchus and Yanadis) in this time scale megalithic culture of this region is a field which promptly flourished in between Neolithic and early historic settlements. Megalithic people are best known for their stone-built burial monuments, erected in memory of the dead. The Iron Age phase of South India, broadly dated between c. 1000 BCE and 300 BCE, with some continuity into the early historic period. This culture is mainly identified through burial practices, iron tools, and characteristic pottery.

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Megalithic, Culture, Krishna Valley, Krishna, Guntur

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Insufficient available space on the floor level is an ever-present problem in interior design, especially when designing areas where several functions have to be performed in the same small area. The bedroom of a student usually includes a bed, study table, and storage furniture separately arranged on the floor level. Although such a solution can function well for large spaces, it causes many problems related to mobility, poor use of space, and limited adaptability in smaller spaces. Although modern solutions in compact furniture try to solve the problem of decreasing room size, they only solve the problem by treating furniture as isolated pieces of furniture inside the room instead of furniture as integral components of the spatial arrangement. The study thus looks into another option of moving vital functions from the floor plane to the wall plane through transformable wall furniture systems. Based on the model of a student's bedroom as the example of an efficiently organized small interior, the investigation considers the potential integration of sleeping, storage, and studying functions into one wall system with a focus on the creation of working spaces necessary for studying. With the help of literature analysis, case studies, and the evaluation of spatial performance in traditional arrangements versus wall arrangements, the study shows how wall furniture systems can benefit movements and organization within the interior space without changing its size. The research finally demonstrates how furniture should not be seen only as an object inside a room, but rather as a part of interior architectural space planning.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Wall-integrated furniture, Transformable furniture, Small interiors, Space optimization, Space efficiency, Design of student dorms, Multi-function furniture.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Classroom engagement and placement outcomes are two of the most significant indicators of institutional effectiveness in higher education. In today's competitive academic environment, faculty members are expected not only to deliver theoretical knowledge but also to develop employability skills, critical thinking abilities, communication competence, leadership qualities, and industry readiness among students. The changing demands of the global job market have transformed the role of teachers from traditional instructors to facilitators, mentors, and career guides who actively contribute to the holistic development of learners. This research article examines the role of faculty strategies in improving classroom engagement and enhancing placement outcomes among students in higher education institutions. The study explores innovative pedagogical practices such as collaborative learning, flipped classrooms, experiential learning, mentorship programs, industry-academia interaction, skill-based training, project-oriented teaching, and technology integration as effective methods for increasing student participation and professional preparedness. The theoretical foundation of the study is primarily based on Alexander Astin's Student Engagement Theory and the Constructivist Learning Theory associated with Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky. Astin's theory emphasizes that students achieve better academic and professional outcomes when they actively invest physical and psychological energy in learning activities, while constructivist theory highlights the importance of active participation, collaboration, and experiential learning in knowledge construction. These theoretical perspectives support the argument that learner-centered faculty practices significantly influence students' intellectual growth, communication competence, confidence, and employability skills.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Classroom engagement, placement outcomes, faculty strategies, employability, higher education, active learning, mentorship, industry collaboration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Ramadhanya Charitre : Bandayada Dhvani

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Ramadhanya Charitre : Bandayada Dhvani

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Kanakadasara NalacharitreyalIi Manavateya Tatvika Vinayasa

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Kanakadasara NalacharitreyalIi Manavateya Tatvika Vinayasa

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This paper presents a comparative study of William Shakespeare's Hamlet and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's Devdas, examining how two culturally distinct texts construct tragic protagonists shaped by internal flaws and external pressures. Both protagonists - Hamlet and Devdas - are iconic figures whose inability to act decisively leads to their downfall. While Hamlet's procrastination is intellectual and philosophical, Devdas's indecision is emotional and psychological. Grounded in Aristotelian theory and modern interpretations of tragedy, the study explores the evolution of the tragic hero from classical nobility to psychological and social realism. Hamlet is analysed as a Renaissance tragic figure whose intellectual indecision, moral hesitation, and existential reflection function as hamartia, leading to delayed revenge and catastrophic consequences. In contrast, Devdas represents a modern Indian tragic protagonist whose emotional fragility, pride, and inability to resist rigid social hierarchies result in self destruction and unfulfilled love.

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This paper presents a comparative study of William Shakespeare's Hamlet and Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's Devdas, examining how two culturally distinct texts construct tragic protagonists shaped by internal flaws and external pressures. Both protagonists - Hamlet and Devdas - are iconic figures whose inability to act decisively leads to their downfall. While Hamlet's procrastination is intellectual and philosophical, Devdas's indecision is emotional and psychological. Grounde

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Groundwater depletion has emerged as a critical challenge in the semi-arid regions of Andhra Pradesh, particularly in the Rayalaseema region. Muddanur Gram Panchayat (GP), located in Muddanur mandal of YSR Kadapa district, faces irregular rainfall, high runoff, and declining water tables. This paper explores the application of staggered trenches and dugout ponds as community-based water conservation structures in . Staggered Muddanur trenches on hill slopes reduce runoff and enhance infiltration, while dugout ponds in valley bottoms collect rainwater and recharge groundwater. Integrating these measures at the micro-watershed scale can improve water security, support agriculture, and strengthen climate resilience in the GP.

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Staggered Trenches,Dugout Pond,Aquifer,Infiltration

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Increased popularity of herbal hair oils and polyherbal formulations, especially in the management of scalp disorders and hair growth, has been driven by the increasing need in dermatology and cosmetology is the use of natural and safer alternatives. A common belief of conventional synthetic products is its side effects and so a transition is being undertaken to more dependable plant-based remedies that have a therapeutic and nutritional effect. Phytochemicals, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins and phenols, are also crucial in increasing hair follicle activity, improved scalp health, antioxidative stress as well as antimicrobial activities. The objective of this narrative review is to combine previous literature on the phytochemical profiling and the comparative efficacy of polyherbal formulations of hair oil in scalp health and growth of hair. The method is grounded on an extensive literature-informed synthesis of existing research based on pharmacological activities, formulation strategy and reported results without adhering to a rigid systematic review guideline. The results are that polyherbals formulations show a synergistic-effect and an increase in hair density and scalp condition as well as a dandruff reduction. Such considerations point to the possibilities of phytochemical-abundant herbal oils as recommended and safer substitutes in hair care, with the necessity of further standardization and clinical confirmation

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Polyherbal hair oil, phytochemicals, hair growth, scalp health, herbal cosmetics

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition