Volume 13 | Issue 12 | December-2025

 Abstract

Coordination chemistry has emerged as a central pillar in modern chemical science, providing versatile platforms for designing functional metal-ligand architectures with highly tunable structural and electronic properties. Over the decades, advancements in synthetic methodologies have revolutionized the field, enabling chemists to engineer coordination compounds with increasing precision, complexity, and sustainability. Classical solution-phase routes continue to serve as fundamental approaches; however, growing environmental concerns and demands for efficiency have accelerated the development of innovative techniques such as hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted reactions, mechanochemical procedures, and electrochemical pathways. These methodologies not only enhance reaction control and product purity but also support the creation of unprecedented coordination motifs, supramolecular assemblies, and high-performance materials.This review provides an in-depth examination of major synthetic methodologies in coordination chemistry, critically evaluating their principles, advantages, limitations, and sustainability aspects. Furthermore, it highlights the transformative impact of coordination compounds across multiple scientific and technological fields, emphasizing the role of rational design, green chemistry, and computational modeling in shaping next-generation coordination systems. The continued integration of innovative synthetic strategies with application-driven design is expected to propel coordination chemistry toward even greater relevance in future technological advancements.

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 Keywords

Coordination Chemistry; Synthetic Methodologies; Metal-Ligand Complexes; Catalysis; Metallodrugs; Diagnostic Imaging

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The reviewed paper explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in accounting, particularly within the small-scale industries (SSIs) of Odisha. The author emphasizes how AI and digitalization are reshaping accounting functions from manual book-keeping to technologically enhanced systems. The study combines both primary and secondary data to evaluate AI's influence on accountants, business efficiency, and skill requirements. Findings confirm a significant relationship between AI adoption and improvements in accounting efficiency among SSIs. The review critically evaluates the research methodology, findings, and implications while suggesting future directions for deeper inquiry into AI's integration in the accounting profession.

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Artificial Intelligence, Digital Accounting, Automation, Small Scale Industries, Technological Transformation, Odisha.

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Chikoo (Manilkara zapota) is an important tropical fruit that is widely grown in Dahanu Gholvad, a region located in the Indian state of Maharashtra. However, the effects of climate change on chikoo production in the region are not well understood. In this paper, we review the literature on the potential impacts of climate change on chikoo production in Dahanu Gholvad. We focus on the effects of temperature and rainfall patterns on chikoo growth, yield, and quality, as well as the potential impacts of climate change on chikoo diseases and pests. Our review indicates that climate change can have significant impacts on chikoo production in Dahanu Gholvad, with potential reductions in both quantity and quality of the fruit. To adapt to these changes, farmers may need to implement new strategies for disease and pest management, as well as improve irrigation and drainage systems and plant drought-resistant varieties.

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Chikoo, Gholvad

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Digital transformation has revolutionized the nature, structure, and scope of commerce across the world. From artificial intelligence-enabled marketing to blockchain-secured supply chains, technology has become the backbone of value creation and competitive advantage. This study adopts a secondary research design to synthesize academic, governmental, and corporate literature from 2019 to 2025, assessing how digital transformation influences productivity, consumer behavior, and sustainability in global trade. The research finds that while digital ecosystems have enhanced speed, transparency, and inclusivity in commerce, they also expose new vulnerabilities related to cybersecurity, data governance, and digital inequality. The paper concludes by proposing an adaptive framework linking innovation, ethical governance, and human capital development as the foundation of resilient digital commerce.

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Digital Transformation, E-Commerce, FinTech, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain, Sustainable Commerce, Global Trade

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Civic sense is essential for maintaining public order, reducing government expenditure, and supporting community well- being. This study investigates civic habits among higher education students in Silvassa and examines their association with demographic factors and awareness of financial implications. The objectives were to measure civic sense, analyze variations across demographic groups, and assess the relationship between civic behavior and understanding of public spending. A structured questionnaire was administered to 204 students representing diverse academic streams and socio-economic backgrounds. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, regression, and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r). The findings indicate that most students demonstrate strong civic sense, particularly in protecting public property and using dustbins, while participation in community drives remains limited. Regression analysis revealed that age, course of study, and family income significantly influence civic sense. Furthermore, correlation analysis confirmed a positive and statistically significant association (r = 0.55, p < .01) between civic sense and awareness of financial well- being.

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Civic sense, financial well-being, higher education students, public expenditure, Silvassa.

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Financial stress; Middle-class households; Dadra & Nagar Haveli; Loan/EMI burden; Financial attitudes.

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The rapid spread of synthetic identities and AI-generated deepfake threats poses significant challenges to traditional enterprise security systems. Modern attack methods use fixed authentication system vulnerabilities to allow criminals to realistically mimic authorized users. The security framework Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) has emerged as a powerful defensive model because it relies on "never trust, always verify" principles. This study evaluates the potential benefits of AI-based detection systems for improving Zero Trust Architecture's ability to tackle modern threats through adaptive and context-aware protection mechanisms. Centering on continuous authentication, behavioral biometrics, anomaly detection, and advanced identity verification, better identity assurance and fraud prevention are supported. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art methods while examining their existing challenges including model bias and adversarial evasion and scalability issues together with privacy risks and assesses their practical deployment potential. Future research directions presented in this paper focus on uniting AI-based defenses with Zero Trust frameworks to protect identities and sustain digital trust while preventing sophisticated fraud.

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Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA), Artificial Intelligence, Continuous Authentication, Anomaly Detection, Deepfake threats, Synthetic identities, Digital trust, Cybersecurity

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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This study offers a bibliometric analysis of global research contributions at the intersection of sustainable development and green library initiatives from 2000 to 2025, with a focus on open-access literature. Drawing on data from the Scopus database, the study analyzed 1,008 open-access records across various document types, languages, and publication stages. The analysis revealed a significant growth in scholarly interest, particularly from 2020 onwards, with the highest number of contributions appearing in final-stage journal articles and conference proceedings. Prominent subject areas included Social Sciences, Computer Science, Arts and Humanities, and Business, highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of green library research. The United States, India, the United Kingdom, and South Africa emerged as leading contributing countries, supported by institutions such as the University of South Africa and the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Key sponsoring bodies included the National Science Foundation, European Commission, and Horizon 2020 Programme. Frequently occurring keywords such as "Sustainable Development," "Digital Libraries," and "Library Services" underscored evolving themes aligned with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The findings demonstrate a global shift toward sustainability-focused library services and the increasing role of academic institutions and funding bodies in shaping environmentally responsible library practices.

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Sustainable Development, Digital Libraries, Library Services

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Traditional crafts embody the cultural identity, history, and artistic legacy of communities, yet many face the threat of extinction in our rapidly evolving, digital-focused era. This research introduces the Traditional Craft Challenge, a mobile gamified learning app aimed at preserving and promoting traditional crafts through engaging and interactive digital experiences. The application allows users, particularly younger generations, to discover, learn, and recreate various traditional crafts like Warli painting, Origami, African beadwork, and traditional pottery through step-by-step guides, gesture-based tools, and creative challenges. By accumulating points, badges, and rewards for precision, creativity, and task completion, users are motivated to strengthen their connection to cultural traditions while enjoying a game-like experience. The app enhances cultural appreciation, creativity, and global awareness through immersive digital storytelling and skill-building activities.By showcasing digital exhibitions, offering genuine crafts for sale, and linking users to in-person workshops, it also opens up avenues for local artisans. This initiative not only helps in preserving traditions that are at risk of disappearing but also transforms cultural education into a modern and easily accessible experience. In essence, this study demonstrates how gamified learning can be an innovative and sustainable method for protecting cultural heritage and motivating future cultural guardians.

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Traditional crafts, Cultural identity, Gamified learning, Mobile app, Digital storytelling, Cultural preservation, Artisan empowerment

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The diminishing availability of water, coupled with a rising demand for this critical resource, presents a significant challenge. This research focuses on pinpointing ideal locations for water conservation interventions within Dadra and Nagar Haveli (DNH), a tribal-majority Union Territory in western India, by leveraging geospatial techniques. DNH experiences seasonal water deficits, even with 2000-2500 mm of annual rainfall, primarily because of high runoff, poor soil infiltration, and insufficient conservation infrastructure. This research employs the Soil Conservation Service-Curve Number (SCS-CN) model within a GIS environment to prioritize locations for structures such as check dams, percolation ponds, farm ponds, and contour bunds. Using thematic layers derived from a DEM, Landsat 8 imagery, LULC classifications, soil data, and recent (2020-2024) rainfall records, a weighted overlay analysis produced a Water Conservation Potential Index (WCPI). The findings delineate zones that are most suitable for either surface water harvesting or groundwater recharge, supporting targeted, data-driven interventions. The resulting framework offers a practical tool for policymakers to optimize water resource planning in DNH.

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 Keywords

Geographic Information System (GIS), Runoff potential zones, SCS-CN method, Fuzzy Modelling, Water Conservation Potential Index (WCPI).

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition