Volume 8 | Issue 9 |

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Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Nepal

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Wastewater Treatment Technologies in Nepal

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Water is the most precious resource responsible for life on our planet. More than 1 billion people do not have access to a source of clean drinking water, and around 3 billion experience water scarcity at least a month per year. The ocean makes up 70 percent of the earth�s surface and accounts for about 96 percent of the water on the planet. Desalination of the seawater resource has emerged as a promising technology to meet the current fresh water demands. At present solar energy is used widely for desalination and new and new renewable energy technologies are developed to meet the ever increasing demands for potable water. In floating absorber based solar steam generation, the infrared rays from sun are converted into heat energy and this energy is used to convert water into steam. Cotton can be used as a floating absorber due to its high capillarity, low thermal conductivity and porosity. Even though cotton has its advantages, it has a very high reflectivity of incident light and reflects about 60% of incoming radiations. Study on the evaporation performance of Graphene Oxide (GO) cotton absorber and uncoated cotton absorber shows GO coated cotton is 2.38 times better than uncoated cotton absorber. GO has high photothermal efficiency which converts almost 60% of incoming sunlight into heat energy. Polystyrene form used as a support helps in low heat transmission loss thereby localizing heat on top surface. The evaporation rate obtained in our study using GO coated cotton shows promising result comparable to other materials used as floating absorber in different studies. Water quality analysis conducted on the condensed water samples suggests the obtained purified water is potable.

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Desalination, Solar steam generation, Graphene Oxide, Cotton, Polystyrene Foam.

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This paper tries to diagnose factors affecting the usage of UPI among customers. Efforts have been put to investigate the usage pattern, customer�s perceptions and awareness about Indian Government�s UPI for banking and financial transactions. A questionnaire was filled up by the users of UPI having bank account registered with the bank. The responses were analysed through regression model using SPSS. Five independent variables have been identified and used as major factors influencing customer�s usage of UPI. Five factors are: Perceived Usage Risk, Compatibility of Apps and OS, Customer�s Demographic Profile, Comparative Advantage over Other Apps, and External Threats. Factors like transaction risk, demographic profile of customers, compatibility of apps and benefits of UPI were significantly affected the usage pattern of UPI. While factors like geographic distribution of the customers, phishing and virus attack were negatively affected the usage of UPI.

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UPI, Perceived Usage Risk, Compatibility of Apps and OS, Customer�s Demographic Profile, Comparative Advantage over Other Apps, External Threats

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Sharkiyugeen Sthapatyakala

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Microsoft Word

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The usefulness of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) in various civil engineering applications is indisputable. Fiber-reinforced concrete has so far been successfully used in slabs on grade, architectural panels, precast products, offshore structures, structures in seismic regions, thin and thick repairs, crash barriers, footings, hydraulic structures, and many other applications. Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) is gaining attention as an effective way to improve the performance of concrete. Fibers are currently being specified in tunneling, bridge decks, pavements, loading docks, thin unbounded overlays, concrete pads, and concretes slabs. These applications of fiber reinforced concrete are becoming increasingly popular and are exhibiting excellent performance. Glass Fiber-reinforced concrete (GFRC) is concrete containing fibrous material which increases its structural integrity. It contains short discrete fibers that are uniformly distributed and randomly oriented. Fibers include steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers. This study presents an understanding of the strength of fiber-reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties and durability of fiber reinforced concrete.

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Glass fiber, Compressive strength, Reinforcement, Concrete, and Workability

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The main purpose of the present study is to find out the level of science achievement among higher secondary school students and compare achievement between; male and female; government, deficit and private schools. This study is very important because, the first National Achievement Survey which was conducted by NCERT in 2015 reported that the average performance of class X students in the State was significantly lower than the National average in Science subject and stated that the need for improvement of 64.8 % in the said subject. Further, it was reported in the study of Regional Plan and Status of Science Education in Schools in North Eastern Region (NER, 2016-17) by NEDFi with IIT Guwahati & Homi Bhabha Centre for Science education, TIFR, Mumbai that the performance of students in Science in the NE region was a cause for concern and the State scored lower than the regional average. Achievement test in Science developed and standardized by Dr SC Gakhar and Dr Rajnish was employed and distributed to 298 students from the government, deficit and private schools. Primary and secondary data were analyzed by using SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 17.0. Level of achievement in Science among higher secondary students was very low, 95.64% fell under below average level. No significant difference in Science achievement was found between female and male students. Moreover, there was no significant difference between government and private school students, but there existed a significant difference between deficit and government as well as deficit and private schools. Students from deficit school outperformed both government and private schools. The author suggested that science teachers should use collaborative-learning activities and social modelling to promote students� interest, motivation, and achievement in science career. Learner-centered teaching-learning methodologies such as activity-based learning and laboratory experiments in Science should be employed to build students attitudes towards Science subject.

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Science education, higher secondary stage, achievement test, National achievement survey

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In several countries the quantity of electric power consumed by the street lighting is extremely high. Though, the influx duration of traffic and presence density at different positions and different locations on road varies depending upon time. If a system is developed such that mechanically increase and decrease the intensity of the lights for those locations of street wherever there's traffic and no traffic, such sort of system could save a large quantity of electricity. Additionally, it's going to conjointly cut back the pollution and increase the life period of time of lamps. In brief the system mechanically monitors and controls the road lights. This paper put forwards the intelligence management of the illumination of the streets, particularly at late night to optimize power consumption. At the moment the traditional street lights replaced with light-emitting diode lights. Street lights to scale back the facility consumption. Another advantage of light-emitting diode lights is that its intensity will be controlled simply. This helps to plan movement detection based control and management of street light. This paper presents a technique to manage the resource consumption of the road lights, it includes dominant the circuit of the road lights with microcontroller, sensors, associate degreed LDR combined with an IOT app that monitors app that monitors its energy consumption and conjointly providing securities through speech recognition system.

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Energy Consumption, sensible Street Lights, Sensors, IOT, Speech Recognition.

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A pastor is a leader of Christian community or congregation who gives advice and counsel to people from the community or congregation and act as the leader of each member of that community. Being the leader of a community the person should meet the biblical characteristics and also have enough awareness about him in terms of abilities, the way of thinking, capabilities etc. Spiritual intelligence helps us to be creative, alter situation and modify rules. It gives a clear idea about how to play with the boundaries which we have. It is a higher dimension of intelligence that activates the qualities and capabilities of the authentic self (or the soul), in the form of wisdom, compassion, integrity, joy, love, creativity and peace. Metacognition refers to the process to plan, monitor and asses ones understanding and performance. The data was collected from 63 participants (31 Non-Ordinated Pastors and 32 Ordinated Pastors) across the state of Kerala. The Spiritual Intelligence Self- report inventory was developed by David B King in 2009 was used to assess the level of Spiritual Intelligence and the Metacognition inventory was developed by Dr. Punitha Govil in 1971 was used to assess the level of metacognition among the participants of the study. The data represented normal distribution, hence Independent Sample t test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation is used for statistical analysis. The result revealed that there is significant difference in the level of Spiritual intelligence among Non-Ordinated Pastors and Ordinated Pastors and there is no significant difference in the level of Metacognition among Non-Ordinated Pastors and Ordinated Pastors. The level of Spiritual Intelligence is positively correlated to the level of Metacognition among Non-Ordinated Pastors and Ordinated Pastors.

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Spiritual Intelligence, Metacognition, Pastors.

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Amavata is one of the chronic diseases mainly affecting the joints with some other constitutional symptoms which make the life of the patient almost crippled and restrict the patient to the bed. It is seen most commonly in the patients due to their changing dietetic habits, social structure, environment and mental stress and strain. It is a Shula Pradhana Vyadhi, the intensity of the pain is high grade among the other diseases. It is not only a disorder of locomotor system but is a systemic disease and is named after its chief pathogenic constituents i.e. Ama and Vata. Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic multisystem disease of unknown cause and can be defined as a chronic polyarthritis affecting mainly the more peripheral joints, running a prolonged course with exacerbation and remission and accompanied by a general systemic disturbance. The disease is characterized by swelling of the synovial membrane and periarticular tissues, subchondral osteoporosis, erosion of cartilage and bone and wasting of the associated muscles. The management of rheumatoid arthritis is still in enigma for modern science. Chakrapani was the pioneer of laying down the principle and line of treatment of Amavata. The line of treatment laid down by Chakrapani denotes firstly the Pachan of Ama, then restoration of Agni and finally control of Vata Dosha. The objectives of this study are to understand the clinical presentation, the utility of herbo-mineral compounds in Amavata. 30 cases were selected through random sampling. The patients were treated with hydromineral compounds of Amrit Manjiri and the polyherbal formulation of Maharasnadi Kwath and for 30 days. Out of 30 patients 6.67% patients showed excellent and marked improvement, 36.67% patients showed moderate improvement and 50% patients showed mild improvement. The outcome revealed a better therapeutic efficacy of Amrit Manjiri and Maharasnadi Kwath in the symptom of Amavata and general functional capacity, walking time, grip strength and foot pressure of patients without any adverse effects.

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Amavata, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Amrit Manjiri and Maharasnadi Kwath

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Abstract The present paper deals with the �studies of some herbal religious plants of Budhism�during-2017-19. To document the medicinal and other utility of plants with traditional uses of 05 plants species along with correct botanical identification, local names, past used and mode of administration in respect to different applications. The documented religious plants are mostly used to cure hair loss, treats cough, respiratory health , urine retention, Improves digestion , blood pressure, cold, cough, flu and asthma , Relives menstrual pains and digestive distress.

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Keywords : Herbal Plants, Tulsi, Mint, Methi, Turmeric, Aloe vera.

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