Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

In real time, Facial expression recognition has always been a difficult task in the field Computer Vision and Image Analysis. Expressions are generated from very bendable features and differ in sexes, ages and cultures among people. Furthermore, varying illuminations, complicate surroundings and complex backgrounds makes the recognition more complex. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) which acquires the local area characteristics from the images are widely for facial expression recognition. But still LBP are able to solve the few issues of the local regions such as occlusions, varying lighting conditions and so on. This study presents the local feature descriptor, Elliptical Local Binary Pattern (ELBP) for facial expression recognition. In ELBP, horizontal and vertical ellipse patterns are used to acquire micro facial features in both horizontal and vertical directions. For comparing the ELBP histograms, a template matching strategy called Chi-Square distance is suggested. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated on bench-marking datasets JAFFE.

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 Keywords

Local Binary Pattern, Elliptical Local Binary Pattern, Chi Square, Support Vector Machine

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Advances in Wireless Sensor Network Technology (WSN) have provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing and wireless communication. In WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. Triple Umpiring System (TUS) has already been proved its better performance on Wireless Sensor Networks. Clustering technique provides an effective way to prolong the lifetime of WSN. In this paper, we modified the Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) by incorporating Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks through SNR based dynamic Clustering mechanisms (ESRPSDC) can partition the nodes into clusters and select the Cluster Head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy and Non Cluster Head (NCH) nodes join with a specific CH based on SNR Values. Error recovery has been implemented during Inter cluster routing itself in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using Global Mobile Simulator (GloMoSim) showed that this Hybrid ESRP significantly improves the Energy efficiency and Packet Reception Rate (PRR) compared to SNR unaware routing algorithms like Low Energy Aware Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS).

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 Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Protocol, Signal to Noise Ratio, Dynamic Clustering, Intruder detection.

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 Abstract

Within online computer and mobile games Player Unknown's Battleground, or PUBG for short, is one of the most well-known video games that people of all ages play worldwide. PUBG Corporation is the owner and operator of the game PUBG. Essentially, this game is an action game with a combat-heavy focus. The war room, graphics, multiplayer functionality, and realistic themes are some of the characteristics that add to the game's fascination and addictiveness. Since its July 30, 2016, release, the popular smartphone game Player Unknown's Battlegrounds (PUBG) has maintained its position at the top while adding new features, intriguing gameplay, and game variations that keep players from getting bored. Online games are widely played by the teenagers It's amusing, but that doesn't mean everything is positive. Billions of people worldwide are playing the game as it has gone viral. This game is making people addicted, which is lowering their quality of life. Excellent reviews were given to the game when it was published on Windows. When it was made available on mobile devices, it quickly gained popularity. The worldwide passion for this game has swept through all age groups. The game which started for recreation has turned into an addiction. It is severely affecting the lives of the players and also being a cause for various crimes. For instance, a boy killed himself as a result of PUBG mobile game addiction.

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AFFECT OF ONLINE GAMES PUBG ON SOCIAL AND ACADEMICS LIFE OF TEENAGERS

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Knowledge management (KM) came into existence in India at the beginning of 2000 but to date, the extent of KM implementation differs widely across industries. Some companies have successfully implemented knowledge management but there are others that practice KM in bits and pieces. Empirical evidence to some extent supports that KM has a positive impact on operational performance including financial performance. The purpose of this study is to confirm these findings in selected Indian organizations via an awareness study of the employees. The sample for the study is companies listed in Indian stock exchanges with 200 respondents across different sectors and with different levels in the organization. KM practices in these organizations vary from moderate to high. Data for the study was collected between 2019-2020. The findings of the study indicate that most of the organizations which claim that they have implemented KM but are not deriving the results out of it may not be aware of the term "effective KM". Effective KM does not mean 'more the learning the better' or 'the more knowledge the better' rather it means relevant knowledge. The results of the study indicate a proclivity towards better financial performance for companies that are practicing effective KM. This study thus rejects the findings of some previous studies which state that KM does not have an impact on financial performance limitation of the study is that it is focused on a few sectors and based on the perception of the employees.

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 Keywords

Efficiency, Financial Performance, Knowledge Management, Listed Companies.

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Virtual learning, also known as online learning or e-learning, has a rich history dating back to the 1960s, evolving significantly over the decades. This paper provides an overview of its historical background, modes, advantages, limitations, challenges, best practices, emerging trends, and implications for stakeholders. The historical journey of virtual learning highlights its transformation from early computer-based instruction to the integration of advanced technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). The paper discusses various modes of virtual learning, including online courses, webinars, virtual classrooms, and mobile learning, each offering unique advantages and challenges. It outlines the benefits of virtual learning, such as flexibility, accessibility, customization, and global reach, along with the challenges of digital equity, course quality, social interaction, and technological infrastructure. Best practices for virtual learning encompass clear communication, engaging course design, multimedia utilization, regular feedback, and community building. Emerging trends in virtual learning, such as personalized learning, gamification, AR/VR integration, and social collaboration, indicate the transformative potential of virtual learning in education. Finally, the paper explores implications for stakeholders, including educators, learners, institutions, and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of professional development, self-regulation, infrastructure investment, policy development, and regulatory frameworks to ensure the success of virtual learning initiatives. Overall, the paper underscores the need for collaborative efforts and adaptive strategies to harness the benefits of virtual learning while addressing its challenges effectively in the digital age.

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 Keywords

Virtual learning, online learning, e-learning, remote education, Emerging trends challenges.

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This paper examines the role of neighborhoods and gatekeepers in the place-making practices 0f Northeast and Muslim women migrants in the urban landscape. This paper primarily employs secondary literature to shed light on the everyday negotiations these migrants go through to make place for them in the hostile city. Place-making is a conceptual category that is examined and contextually explored through understanding the role of neighborhoods and gatekeepers. The role of the neighborhoods is discussed as a transactional site and in providing familiar environments. The gatekeepers, on the other hand, are resourceful individuals who facilitate the transaction of migrants to the city. Through the case of Northeast and Muslim women migrants, this paper examines how the experiences in the city are tied to the identity of the migrant groups. In this way, this paper looks at how the practice of place-making is driven by experiences based on identities in the city. This study is significant as it focuses on the contextual and subjective experiences of different groups in the city and moves beyond the homogeneous understanding of urban experience. The case study of Northeast and Muslim women migrants gives us an 0pportunity for a comparative assessment, which emphasizes the role of subjectivity to understand the experiences tied to identity in the city.

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 Keywords

PLACE-MAKING, NEIGHBOURHOOD, GATE-KEEPERS, NORTHEAST MIGRANTS, MUSLIM WOMEN MIGRANTS

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What do you do when you need to provide a gift to your parents or friends for their birthdays or other special occasions? The majority of people today go to the internet, explore a few websites that sell gift items such as books, clothes, perfumes, and so on, and then order one of them to be sent to the recipient's address. It only takes a few minutes at most and one click! Very few people nowadays bother or even have the time to drive down in heavy traffic to some boutique and look through all of the products there, hop on to the next one, and so on, finally selecting a gift and then going to the courier business to parcel them up. The expansion of the e-commerce industry has made life easier for many people. Online shopping allows you to purchase not just gifts, but also ordinary necessities such as groceries, notebooks, and pens. Books, clothing, shoes, jewelry and accessories, airline tickets, and hotel reservations are some of the most popular products purchased online. E-commerce is the trade of items and services over the internet. In this article, we present the elements driving the rise of India's ecommerce business. My methodology is based on secondary sources such as articles, journals, reports, papers, blogs, and conference proceedings. Ecommerce is one of the fastest growing businesses, with India having a large market potential for investment. There has been a significant increase in investment since last year, and more is predicted in the future years. The significant increase in the number of mobile and internet users has aided ecommerce operations in both urban and rural areas. The subjects covered include the study of commerce, key growth drivers, market development potential, investment, retail industry, logistics infrastructure, internet legislation, significant problems, and the future of ecommerce.

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 Keywords

Ecommerce, Retail, Sales, Investment, Logistics, Internet Regulation.

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In today's world, image processing is one of the rapidly expanding fields. It is a process that is frequently used to improve raw photos obtained from various sources. This is a type of signal processing. This presentation presents an overview of image processing approaches. The primary goal of this work is to define the various strategies utilized in different stages of image processing.

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Image processing, Segmentation, Threshold, Acquisition, Enhancement.

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This research explores the sinuous relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth. With a focus on grasping the dynamics at play, our study aims to discover key insights into how entrepreneurial activities impact overall economic development. Employing a robust study of existing literature review we identify significant patterns and correlation. This article unfolds the subtle interplay between entrepreneurship and economic growth, offering valuable perception for policymakers and businesses. This research contributes to an extensive understanding of the process driving economic advancement. The analysis highlights the part of entrepreneurship as a catalyst for, job creation, innovation and productivity enhancement, contributing to overall economic development. Furthermore the article highlights the importance of understanding the contextual disparity and policy implications in optimizing the positive influence of entrepreneurship on economic growth

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Stimulant of Growth: Analyzing the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic development

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This research looks at how teachers' excitement and interest might improve classroom dynamics. It investigates how a passionate educator might influence their students' participation, motivation, and experience in class. Teacher excitement has been shown to have a positive effect on students, and the research highlights the importance of positive interactions between teachers and their students. It also emphasizes the importance of teachers' passion for teaching in instilling a love of learning in their pupils, sparking their natural curiosity and inspiring them to become lifelong learners. The research proves that teachers' enthusiasm and passion are crucial components in building classroom atmosphere via a thorough evaluation of theoretical frameworks and empirical data. The importance of instructors who are invested in their students' achievement and who share their enthusiasm is emphasized. The research also highlights the significance of positive teacher-student interactions in fostering an environment conducive to learning, open dialogue, and mutual respect. This research adds to the body of knowledge on educational leadership and classroom dynamics. Teachers' energy and interest are emphasized as crucial factors in fostering a productive classroom setting. The study's findings have broad implications for educators, policymakers, and practitioners, underscoring the need to foster teachers' passions and provide them with chances for professional growth. The findings of this research stress the importance of teachers' enthusiasm and passion in creating a welcoming learning environment. Educational institutions may improve students' engagement, motivation, and results if they recognize and cultivate these traits.

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 Keywords

The role of teacher's role commitment in fostering a positive classroom climate

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition