Volume 3 | Issue 4 |

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Carbon Nanotubes, Review analysis, Meta Analysis,

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Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is consisting of independent and distributed sensors to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc. The most crucial and fundamental challenge facing WSN is security. Due to minimum capacity in-term of memory cost, processing and physical accessibility to sensors devices the security attacks are problematic. They are mostly deployed in open area, which expose them to different kinds of attacks. In this paper, we present an illustration of different attacks and vulnerabilities in WSN.Wireless sensor networks consist of autonomous sensor nodes attached to one or more base stations.As Wireless sensor networks continues to grow,they become vulnerable to attacks and hence the need for effective security mechanisms.Identification of suitable cryptography for wireless sensor networks is an important challenge due to limitation of energy,computation capability and storage resources of the sensor nodes.Symmetric based cryptographic schemes donot scale well when the number of sensor nodes increases.Hence public key based schemes are widely used.We present here two public – key based algorithms, RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and found out that ECC have a significant advantage over RSA as it reduces the computation time and also the amount of data transmitted and stored.

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Wireless Sensor Network,Security, Cryptography, RSA,ECC.

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: The power consumption of Modern digital circuits has two components. The dynamic power is consumed only when the circuit performs a function and signals change. Leakage or static power is consumed all the time, i.e., even when the circuit is idle. Dynamic and leakage power depend on power supply and to reduce consumption of power, its supply has to be reduced which cannot be lowered beyond a certain limit as it impacts the speed of the circuit. There is trade-off between power and speed in digital circuit designs and so an optimum solution is always looked forward to. In the earlier period, the prime concern of varied large scale integration (VLSI) designer was area, performance, cost and reliability while power considerations were of only secondary significance. Motivated by, emerging battery operated devices like mobile phones, laptops, notebook etc. which demand more battery backup which can be achieved by decreasing the power consumption of the device that depends on standard cells used to implement device. The purpose of this paper is to suggest a technique which brings an optimum solution to the consumption of both static and dynamic power. Static and dynamic power can be reduced using high threshold voltage (vt) and sleep switch techniques respectively. The Technique proposed in this paper is a blend of both these techniques high vt and sleep switch. The proposed technique, Synergetic Power Consumption Technique will help to reduce both the power without affecting the speed of operation. The design will be implemented using high end Computer Aided Design (CAD) Tools. Standard test signals will be applied to design and power will be measured. Power consumption of digital circuit implemented with Synergetic Power Consumption Technique, Sleep-Switch technique and high-vt technique will be measured. For comparison, 8_bit ripple carry adder and dual rail domino 8_bit adder have been implemented with proposed technique and compared with the standard design. It has been observed that 23% of power is saved in case of 8_bit RCA with increase in delay by 20% and 37% of power is saved in case of dual rail domino with increase of 15% in delay.

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 Keywords

Threshold Voltage, Computer Aided Design, Low power dissipation, CMOS design.

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In wireless communication has been demonstrated that multiple antenna system provides very high gain without increasing the use of spectrum, reliability, throughput, power consumption and less sensitivity to fading, hence it leading to a data rate of wireless communication systems In this paper the MIMO system with optimally ordered successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver in minimum mean square error(MMSE) equalizer and simulate this structure in Rayleigh fading channel.SIC receiver based on MMSE combined with optimal ordering improves the performance with lower complexity. In this paper we have investigated the bit error rate performance characteristics of MIMO system by different techniques consists of linear and non linear detectors or equalizers which aid in the elimination of Inter Symbol Interference (ISI) thus improving overall performance to analyze the BER of the designed system.BER analysis is done for BPSK modulation schemes using linear equalizer such as ZF, MMSE and non-linear equalizer such as ZF-SIC, MMSE-SIC.

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MIMO, MMSE,ZF, Optimally Ordered SIC.

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There are various performance metrics to compare Ad hoc routing protocols. A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a set of wireless mobile nodes which forms instant temporary network without using any central administration or network infrastructure. All the nodes in MANET’s change their position frequently. Routing protocols are mainly classified in Proactive, Reactive and Hybrid. A proactive routing protocol is called as Table-driven routing class and a reactive known as On-Demand routing class. Performance is calculated by Quality of service (QoS) parameters. In this paper, Packet delievery fraction, Average throughput and End to end delay are studied comparing with changing of nodes with the help of NS-2.35 (Network simulator – 2.35) software. Comparison of performance of three important protocols like destination sequenced distance vector (DSDV) adhoc on demand distance vector (AODV) and adhoc on demand multipath distance vector (AOMDV) for mobile ad hoc networks has been made in different scenarios.

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Wireless Mesh Network, DSDV, AODV, AOMDV, Nodes

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Automated fingerprint recognition has emerged as a widely utilized tool for personal identification and various biometric applications, owing to its dependable and distinctive characteristics. Fingerprint classification stands out as a crucial task in the context of large-scale fingerprint recognition systems. This task is inherently challenging due to factors such as limited interclass variability, substantial intraclass variability, the presence of noise, and the inherently ambiguous nature of fingerprints. Effectively addressing the complexities of fingerprint image classification requires sophisticated pattern recognition solutions. A precise classification algorithm holds the potential to significantly reduce the number of comparisons required during fingerprint retrieval, thereby expediting the identification process. Over the last few decades, a substantial body of research has been dedicated to devising techniques for distinguishing different fingerprint classes. This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing approaches employed in addressing fingerprint classification challenges. The discussion encompasses key issues, design considerations, and the performance evaluation of various techniques within the realm of fingerprint classification systems.

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Pattern Recognition, Classification Fingerprint Retrieval, Identification, Classification system.

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This research paper explores the role of government policies in fostering entrepreneurship and innovation in India, focusing on initiatives up to the year 2014. It examines historical trends, evaluates policy interventions, and assesses their impact on entrepreneurial outcomes. Through rigorous analysis of data and literature, the paper highlights the economic, social, and technological contributions of entrepreneurship to India's development. Despite government support, challenges such as limited access to finance, regulatory complexities, and infrastructure deficits persist. Drawing insights from best practices and international experiences, the paper offers recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of government policies and create a conducive environment for entrepreneurship. By addressing these challenges and capitalizing on emerging opportunities, India can unlock its entrepreneurial potential and drive sustainable economic growth.

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Government policies, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, India, Policy interventions, Economic growth.

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They have no respect for their teachers. They are not earnest about their academic pursuits. They have no sense of discipline. These, and some more in the same strain are comments not about the students of present-day colleges and universities by some grumbling old professor. They are the comments of Plato about the students of his times. If this was what could be said of students of no less a teacher then Plato of his student's more than two millennia ago, do we have reason to complain about the state of education in our times?

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A Study on Timeless Glory of The Teacher as Depicted in Taittiriyopanishat

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Abstract: The paper enumerates 39 medicinal plant species belonging to 39 genera and 28 families, which are used as folk medicine in the treatment of various ailments or diseases by the rural and common people of Sheohar district.

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Keywords: Folk medicine, Medicinal plants, Vaidhya, Sheohar.

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The emission of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from chemical process industries poses significant environmental and health concerns. This paper provides an overview of various techniques utilized for the removal of VOCs from air emissions in these industries. The methods discussed include adsorption, absorption, catalytic oxidation, thermal oxidation, biological treatment, and membrane separation. Factors influencing the selection of suitable removal techniques, such as VOC concentration, flow rates, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory compliance, are highlighted. The importance of employing efficient VOC removal methods for reducing environmental pollution, complying with regulations, and ensuring improved air quality for communities near industrial sites is emphasized. Overall, this paper serves as a comprehensive guide for understanding the basic of VOC removal techniques in chemical process industries to address emissions and environmental challenges effectively.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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VOCs, VOC removal techniques

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition