Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

Demand for herbal pharmaceuticals has increased many folds during last three decades.Ayurveda is popularized by government efforts and large number of herbal practitioners , ethnobotanists and researchers .Researches are promoted for developing and processing of quality herbal preparations and dose standardization Huge quantity of ethnobotanical knowledge exist in india and is in use since ancient times. Any knowledge can perpetuates over such a long time only if it is effective and proved.Also a large number of herbal preparations are available in the market claiming permanent cure and other benefits. Traditional system of Herbal medicines are used on the basis of experiences,religious thoughts, beliefs and culture established during long time.Now a days herbal medicines are available in the market in the form of tablets, capsules and syrup in contrary to use of crude extracts and preparations used by local practitioners and by self at home. It is misleading to believe that all herbal medicines are safe and not associated with any risk.Traditional medicine is the sum total of the knowledge, skills and practices based on the theories, beliefs and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health and in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness(WHO) In order to handle herbal medicines, in particular, to analyse the causes of adverse events, national pharmacovigilance centres (or equivalent institutions) will need to acquire specific technical expertise. This will include trained personnel in relevant technical areas and facilities to analyse the products concerned, for which there is often insufficient information and lack of access to reliable information support. Many countries currently lack this expertise, in particular, access to suitable analytical laboratories. Member States have therefore recommended the establishment of regional laboratories specializing in the analysis of herbal products. WHO encourages Member States to explore the feasibility of this proposal.(WHO guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in pharmacovigilance system). If the traditional herbs, herbal preparations and practices are used properly with dose and duration characterizations these can be highly beneficial The present paper is aimed to discuss safety concerns, challenges and future perspectives. How the people get cured using crude herbal preparations at home.What are the drawbacks and advantages of using herbal pharmaceuticals

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Pharmaceuticals,ethnobotany, efficacy,phytotherapy, herbs.

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: Steel concrete composite systems have been widespread use in recent decades because of the benefits of combining the two construction materials. Reinforced concrete is inexpensive, massive and stiff, while steel members are strong, light weight and easy to assemble. In composite columns there are two principle types, Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC) where a steel section is encased in concrete fully or partially and Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFST). Indian standard codes IS: 11384 (1985) and IS: 3935 (1966) for Composite Constriction have not covered the design of for uniaxially loaded steel concrete composite columns. Recent code IS: 800 (2007) has also not furnished the limit state design of composite columns. Therefore to design composite columns we need to go for different codes in use worldwide. EC 4 (2004) gives plastic stress distributions at different point in interaction curve for Uniaxially loaded composite column. ACI-318 (2005) gives strain compatibility method to draw interaction curve for Uniaxially loaded composite column. American Concrete Institute (ACI)-318 (2005) and Eurocode (EC) 4 (2004) design approaches for Uniaxially loaded Steel concrete composite columns are compared for Previous experimental studies. The ratio of Test/ Code is compared with concrete strength, steel strength, percentage of steel and width to thickness for both codes.

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Fully Encased Steel Reinforced Concrete (SRC), Square Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFST), and Circular Concrete Filled Steel Tubes (CFST).

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The Jonaki Era in Assamese literature marked the advent of Romanticism, introducing a shift from traditional divine themes to those centered around human experiences, with an emphasis on the relationship between nature, beauty, and the arts. Although the English Romantic movement had faded by 1889, its influence remained strong in Assamese literature. The writers of this period, inspired by Romantic ideals, adopted these concepts to articulate their own thoughts and emotions.

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Jatindra Nath Dowara: A Romantic Legacy in Assamese Poetry.

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Taxonomical and palynological study were carried out from February to July, 2017. A total of 10 species belonging to 7 genera were recorded in the Hojai sub division, out of which 5 species were perennial trees, 3 were large shrub and 2 were shrub. Their leaves were found to be unipinnate and peripinnately compound with pulvinous leaf bases. Inflorescence were found in either raceme or panicle type. Among the 10 taxa, six have yellow flowers and flowering time was at summer. Stamens were found to be heterodynamous.I n Cassia fistula Linn., all the10 stamens were fertile, while in others, out of the 10 stamens each, 7 were fertile and rest 3 were sterile. The fruits were represented by pod (legume). Pollen grains in most of the taxa were found to be trizonocolpate and colpi never meet each other at either pole. The shape of the grains was prolate to sub-prolate while in Delonix regia it is oblate to spheroidal and in Saracaasoca it is spheroidal. The Largest pollen grains were observed in Bauhinia tomentosa L.with a length of 3.8?m and smallest grains in Cassia javanicaLinn. and C. fistula Linn. with a length of 1.06?m. The pollen grains of all the recorded species were found to bear thin exine. Senna occidentalis Linn. had the thinnest exine with 0.098?m. and hence may be considered as highly evolved among all the 10 species under study. The taxonomic enumeration of all the taxa were done with proper description, analytical diagrams, and photographs. The palynomorphological study revealed that the pollen grains of the taxa were from non- colpate to trizonocolporate to penta- colpate. Most of them Oblate, Sub- oblate, Prolate, Sub- prolate and spheroidal in shape.

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Pollen grain, Hojai, Pod,Taxa, Exine

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Sharad Joshi ke vyangya sahitya me rajnitik yatharth

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Sharad Joshi ke vyangya sahitya me rajnitik yatharth

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Concrete is the most widely used construction material in today's world. The process of making concrete and placing needs close supervision to achieve the targeted design parameters. Once the concrete of required strength and workability is designed, the placing of concrete plays an important role. The difference between good and bad concrete can also be attributed to the quality control, provided all other factors are essentially maintained in the process of concrete making. Quality control refers to proper compaction, form working and curing. Compressive strength of concrete cast in structures is generally determined by core cylinder tests. This requires concrete cores to be taken out of structures and to be tested for compressive strength. This result will be indicative of the concrete quality from making to placing. However, these standard tests conducted on specimens represent the potential quality of concrete only when they are subjected to full compaction.

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A REPORT ON THE EFFECT OF COMPACTION AND CURING ON THE STRENGTH OF CORE CONCRETE

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The current empirical study investigates the issues faced by rural entrepreneurs, concentrating on elements like market accessibility, financing availability, insufficient infrastructure, and a lack of training and education. The three villages in the Mandya district contributed to the study with its primary data. The study examined the 80 respondents' valid responses. The study outlined the main obstacles that prevent rural businesses from growing, such as a lack of funding and support, inadequate infrastructure, a lack of marketing opportunities, a lack of entrepreneurial skills, a lack of community support, and a lack of knowledge and awareness. The study also examined the prospects of rural entrepreneurship, highlighting the potential for growth through government initiatives, adequate infrastructure, digitalization, networking, technology assistance, leadership, and community-based support systems. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to empower rural entrepreneurs, thereby enhancing rural livelihoods and contributing to the overall development of the rural economy. This study offers insights into the policy framework and strategic measures required to foster a conducive environment for rural entrepreneurship, ensuring long-term sustainability and inclusive growth.

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Rural Entrepreneurship, rural entrepreneurship, problems, challenges, prospects

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This study examines Kiran Desai's highly regarded novel, The Inheritance of Loss (2006), which has received numerous important accolades, including the Booker Prize, emphasizing its literary importance. The Inheritance of Loss, Desai's second novel after Hullabaloo in the Guava Orchard (1998), delves into intricate subjects of identity, displacement, and the cultural conflicts arising from the clash between the past and the present. Desai effectively depicts the challenges faced by Indian and American expatriates, the impact of colonialism, and the emotional upheaval caused by migration through well-developed characters and a compelling narrative style. The novel's varied characters, including the resentful retired judge and the uprooted immigrant Biju, exemplify these overarching themes, offering a subtle analysis of the immigrant experience and the enduring consequences of colonialism. Desai's narrative style, marked by a combination of realism and irony, establishes The Inheritance of Loss as a compelling critique of worldwide cultural changes and the individual consequences of these alterations.

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Kiran Desai's The Inheritance of Loss: A Re-Read

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Federalism is derived from the Latin word 'Foedus', which means 'Agreement'. In fact, federation is an agreement between two types of governments sharing power and controlling their respective spheres. Thus a federation is a system of national and local governments, combined under a common sovereignty with both national as well as federating units having autonomous spheres assigned to them by the constitution. India opted for quasi-federal structure after independence. The term "federal" has not been mentioned in the constitution but the working of Indian democracy is essentially federal in structure. However, it is the practical working style of federalism, which brought the concept of cooperative federalism and competitive federalism in India. The present government is stressing on the need to leverage the potential of cooperative and competitive federalism for achieving all round inclusive development in India. In this context there is a need to examine the concepts of cooperative and competitive federalism.

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Federalism, Power Sharing, Co-operation, Central, State Governments.

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Depreciation refers to a fall in the value of the domestic currency which is caused by the demand for foreign currency exceeding its supply in the market. In such a situation one has to pay more than before to get units of foreign currency. This fall takes place in the market and on its own. Market determined exchange rate serves the purpose of aligning the domestic economy with the world economy was the price route. As consequences the domestic price gets linked up with those of the world price. With the liberalizations and globalization of the economy in recent years, imports are bound to increase. The lessening of restrictions on imports and lowering of tariff on imports which the economic reform implies, an increase in imports has in fact taken place. Again with trade is having become an important element of the new strategy of growth. India being a developing economy with high inflation, depreciation of the currency is quite natural. Depreciation of rupee is good, so long as it is not volatile. A random depreciation that we have seen in the last few months is bad and it has hurt the economy. Right from the beginning of year 2013, the value of rupee has been depreciating.

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DEPRECIAITON OF INDIAN CURRENCY AND GROWTH RATE IN INDIAN ECONOMY

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