Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

The present paper is an attempt to examine Financial data of TJSB Sahakari Bank Ltd. Thane, in Thane District of Maharashtra State. TJSB is predominantly established by professionals & academicians and it is properly managed by professionals & business community. The objectives of the study is to analyze Reserve Fund, Deposits, Properties and Assets, Loans and Advances, Income & Expenditure of the TJSB , for this purpose primary data have been collected with the help of contact with officials, managers and directors of bank and the secondary data have been obtained from Annual Reports of five co-operative (financial) years i.e. 2011-12 to 2015-16. The Importance behind collection and analysis of data for Reserve Fund, Deposits, Assets, Loans and Advances, Income & Expenditure of the TJSB is to analyze efficiency, financial stability as well as profitability of Bank. Urban Cooperative banking sector can prosper and flourish by adopting the prudent corporate governance practices evolved and developed in banking industry from time to time by introducing effective financial management. Bank should equally distribute their deposits with the nationalized banks to reduce uncertainty of stability of Private and Cooperative banks. Bank should avoid to give the loans to Zombie Companies & Shell Companies which are paying only interest instead of regular repayment of their loans. The Bank should try to clean its Balance sheet in the sense of improving the financial liquidity of the assets.

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 Keywords

TJSB Sahakari Bank Ltd. , Urban Co-operative Bank , Zombie Companies,Shell Companies, Clean Balance sheet.

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 Abstract

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Alcohol, Youth, Andro, Yu. Asaba, Atingba, Domestic Violence.

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In real time, Facial expression recognition has always been a difficult task in the field Computer Vision and Image Analysis. Expressions are generated from very bendable features and differ in sexes, ages and cultures among people. Furthermore, varying illuminations, complicate surroundings and complex backgrounds makes the recognition more complex. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) which acquires the local area characteristics from the images are widely for facial expression recognition. But still LBP are able to solve the few issues of the local regions such as occlusions, varying lighting conditions and so on. This study presents the local feature descriptor, Elliptical Local Binary Pattern (ELBP) for facial expression recognition. In ELBP, horizontal and vertical ellipse patterns are used to acquire micro facial features in both horizontal and vertical directions. For comparing the ELBP histograms, a template matching strategy called Chi-Square distance is suggested. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated on bench-marking datasets JAFFE.

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 Keywords

Local Binary Pattern, Elliptical Local Binary Pattern, Chi Square, Support Vector Machine

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 Abstract

Advances in Wireless Sensor Network Technology (WSN) have provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing and wireless communication. In WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. Triple Umpiring System (TUS) has already been proved its better performance on Wireless Sensor Networks. Clustering technique provides an effective way to prolong the lifetime of WSN. In this paper, we modified the Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) by incorporating Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks through SNR based dynamic Clustering mechanisms (ESRPSDC) can partition the nodes into clusters and select the Cluster Head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy and Non Cluster Head (NCH) nodes join with a specific CH based on SNR Values. Error recovery has been implemented during Inter cluster routing itself in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using Global Mobile Simulator (GloMoSim) showed that this Hybrid ESRP significantly improves the Energy efficiency and Packet Reception Rate (PRR) compared to SNR unaware routing algorithms like Low Energy Aware Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS).

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 Keywords

Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Protocol, Signal to Noise Ratio, Dynamic Clustering, Intruder detection.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Industrial facilities are characterized by a high density of inductive loads, such as induction motors and transformers, which draw lagging reactive power. This results in a low power factor (PF), leading to increased apparent power, elevated line losses, poor voltage regulation, and reduced system capacity. Utility providers impose financial penalties on consumers whose PF falls below a stipulated threshold (typically 0.90-0.95). This paper presents the design, implementation, and validation of a microcontroller-based Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) unit to mitigate these penalties. The system continuously monitors the load PF using zero-crossing detection of voltage and current waveforms. An AVR or 8051 microcontroller processes these signals, calculates the instantaneous PF, and automatically engages optimal combinations of capacitor banks via relay drivers to inject leading reactive power, thereby bringing the PF close to unity. The hardware design incorporates a single-phase power supply, potential and current transformers for measurement, and a capacitor bank for compensation. Experimental results demonstrate the system's efficacy in improving PF from values as low as 0.67 to above 0.95, effectively avoiding penalty charges. The system offers a cost-effective, reliable, and automated solution for enhancing energy efficiency in industrial power consumption.

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 Keywords

Power Factor, Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC), Microcontroller, Capacitor Bank, Reactive Power, Industrial Penalty, Zero-Crossing Detector

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Business Intelligence (BI) platforms succeed only when users trust the data behind them, yet many organizations struggle with inconsistencies caused by siloed Master Data Management (MDM) and Data Warehousing (DW) systems. This article explores how governance-driven architectures can unify MDM and DW to deliver trustworthy analytics across BI platforms such as Power BI, Tableau, and Qlik. It begins by clarifying the complementary roles of MDM and DW, then highlights the risks of siloed implementations that lead to duplicate records, inconsistent KPIs, and reduced user confidence. The article argues that governance serves as the unifying force, providing accountability, metadata management, and compliance frameworks that ensure consistency across platforms. A case study demonstrates how a global enterprise unified its MDM and DW to eliminate inconsistencies and improve BI adoption. The article concludes by exploring future directions such as AI-driven governance, metadata-driven architectures, and real-time unification.

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Business Intelligence (BI) platforms succeed only when users trust the data behind them, yet many organizations struggle with inconsistencies caused by siloed Master Data Management (MDM) and Data Warehousing (DW) systems. This article explores how governance-driven architectures can unify MDM and DW to deliver trustworthy analytics across BI platforms such as Power BI, Tableau, and Qlik. It begins by clarifying the complementary roles of MDM and DW, then highlights the risks of siloed implement

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

Prolonged consumption of large quantities of mushrooms has led to toxicity, with toxins being the primary cause of most deaths related to mushroom poisoning. Consequently, the search for new active compounds from mushrooms has become crucial. In this study, ethanol extraction was performed on fresh fruiting bodies, and assays were conducted using commercially available onions. Observations were made from squash preparations with acetocarmine. The mitotic index, following treatment with varying concentrations of different Pleurotus extracts, showed a steady increase, except at higher concentrations of ethyl acetate. Chromosome stickiness during prophase was noted after treatment with concentrations. This stickiness was also observed at higher concentrations in Pleurotus. During metaphase, unoriented chromosomes frequently appeared after exposure to 1.5 and 2 percent of all fractions. Metaphase stickiness was induced to varying degrees at 1, 1.5, and 2 percent concentrations. Anaphase bridges were observed with higher concentrations of fractions. The study indicated that Pleurotus extracts exhibited some toxicity levels at comparable concentrations. It was concluded that prolonged and excessive use of Pleurotus might lead to chromosomal toxicity.

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Pleurotus, Cytotoxicity, Chromosome, Aberrations, Ethyl acetate, Allium cepa L.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Natural dyes have been a component of human existence throughout the beginning of time. Natural dyes are more environmentally friendly and have superior biodegradability. Synthetic dyes have a greater range of colour options, are more useful, simpler to use, and are more cost-effective. Yet, there are drawbacks to synthetic dyes as well, one of which is the waste produced during the staining procedure. In this experimental study, the process of extracting natural dyes from leaves of eight different plants leaves have been done, application of the extracted dyes onto cotton fabric and silk fabric has been experimented and then fastness tests were performed. It is found that the exposure of the dyed fabrics to the sunlight for specified period of time has resulted in the discoloration or change in the colour which may adversely affect the desired effectiveness of the process. The search for natural dyes from plants can be continued and methods for extraction of dyes from these sources can be researched in future. The applicability of such natural dyes to various fabrics can also be tested and more efficient techniques with optimized parameters can be developed.

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Keywords: natural dyes, mordant, sunlight fastness, cotton fabric, silk fabric

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Concrete structures, while renowned for their durability and versatility, are susceptible to deterioration due to factors like environmental exposure, overloading, and improper construction practices. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the repair and rehabilitation techniques applicable to existing concrete structures, focusing on the advancements and challenges. It develops into the common causes of concrete degradation, various assessment and diagnostic methods, and a range of repair strategies, including surface treatments, crack repair, section enlargement, and the utilization of advanced materials such as fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP). Finally, the paper highlights the importance of proper planning, execution, and long-term monitoring for effective and sustainable rehabilitation of concrete infrastructure.

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 Keywords

Concrete Structures, Repair, Rehabilitation, Deterioration, Assessment, Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP), Durability, Sustainability.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Weed control in agriculture presents a significant challenge for farmers. Furthermore, present farming techniques make extensive use of herbicides and other chemicals, which might have a negative impact on the environment. These can have an impact on soil fertility as well as water contamination when agricultural runoff enters bodies of water, adversely impacting aquatic ecosystems. It can also have an impact on our health if we consume agricultural goods that are produced using unscientific methods and a high concentration of pesticides. These disadvantages can be avoided by creating a system that can detect and eradicate weeds automatically, either by plucking or spraying herbicides exclusively in the targeted areas.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

Weed control, Agriculture, ecosystems.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition