Volume 6 | Issue 2 |

 Abstract

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Alcohol, Youth, Andro, Yu. Asaba, Atingba, Domestic Violence.

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In real time, Facial expression recognition has always been a difficult task in the field Computer Vision and Image Analysis. Expressions are generated from very bendable features and differ in sexes, ages and cultures among people. Furthermore, varying illuminations, complicate surroundings and complex backgrounds makes the recognition more complex. The Local Binary Pattern (LBP) which acquires the local area characteristics from the images are widely for facial expression recognition. But still LBP are able to solve the few issues of the local regions such as occlusions, varying lighting conditions and so on. This study presents the local feature descriptor, Elliptical Local Binary Pattern (ELBP) for facial expression recognition. In ELBP, horizontal and vertical ellipse patterns are used to acquire micro facial features in both horizontal and vertical directions. For comparing the ELBP histograms, a template matching strategy called Chi-Square distance is suggested. The efficiency of the proposed method is evaluated on bench-marking datasets JAFFE.

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Local Binary Pattern, Elliptical Local Binary Pattern, Chi Square, Support Vector Machine

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Advances in Wireless Sensor Network Technology (WSN) have provided the availability of small and low-cost sensor with capability of sensing various types of physical and environmental conditions, data processing and wireless communication. In WSN, the sensor nodes have a limited transmission range, and their processing and storage capabilities as well as their energy resources are limited. Triple Umpiring System (TUS) has already been proved its better performance on Wireless Sensor Networks. Clustering technique provides an effective way to prolong the lifetime of WSN. In this paper, we modified the Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) by incorporating Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) based dynamic clustering. The proposed scheme Efficient and Secure Routing Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks through SNR based dynamic Clustering mechanisms (ESRPSDC) can partition the nodes into clusters and select the Cluster Head (CH) among the nodes based on the energy and Non Cluster Head (NCH) nodes join with a specific CH based on SNR Values. Error recovery has been implemented during Inter cluster routing itself in order to avoid end-to-end error recovery. Security has been achieved by isolating the malicious nodes using sink based routing pattern analysis. Extensive investigation studies using Global Mobile Simulator (GloMoSim) showed that this Hybrid ESRP significantly improves the Energy efficiency and Packet Reception Rate (PRR) compared to SNR unaware routing algorithms like Low Energy Aware Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) and Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS).

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Wireless Sensor Networks, Routing Protocol, Signal to Noise Ratio, Dynamic Clustering, Intruder detection.

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Digital images are widely used in fields like medical, military, insurance, multimedia applications, making their security and integrity critical. Digital watermarking has emerged as an effective solution for image authentication, tamper detection, localization and recovery. Semi-fragile watermarking techniques are especially suitable because they tolerate acceptable image processing operations while detecting malicious modifications. This paper presents various digital watermark embedding techniques used for secure image authentication and recovery. This review aims to provide researchers with a comparative understanding of modern watermark embedding strategies.

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Digital watermarking, Semi-fragile watermark, Image authentication, Tamper detection, Recovery watermark, Watermark embedding.

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Midnapore district is a historic land with vast area and unique natural diversity. Owing to its geographical location, the district was an important territory of Bengal Presidency during colonial period. Since a long time the district was ruled by different invaders, among them the British were the chief. After several jurisdictional changes carried by the colonial government, the district acquired its modern shape and held a large area in Bengal Presidency. Therefore, a large population associated with the tract and it became one of the dense districts in Bengal. Population growth influenced the prevalence of epidemics. As Midnapore district belongs to the tropical zone, therefore tropical diseases i.e. malaria, cholera, smallpox, diarrhoea, dysentery, leprosy and different types of fever appeared in the district almost every year. Frequent appearances of such diseases were the main headache of the colonial rulers, because they did not live with satisfaction in the tropical climate of Midnapore. When troops, bureaucrats suffered from tropical diseases then the colonial rulers introduced modern concept of public health and gradually they built a western medical infrastructure in the country. Though, initially they gave all the medical benefits to the Europeans and the natives were deprived of it. On the whole, the colonial government was indifferent to the native people's health.

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Health, Disease, Climate, Colonial, Midnapore.

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In the digital age, social media influencers have emerged as powerful figures shaping consumer behavior. This paper explores how influencers impact buyers' decision-making processes through trust, authenticity, social proof, and targeted content. Drawing on current literature, industry reports, and consumer behavior theories, this study reveals the mechanisms behind influencers' persuasive power and examines the implications for marketers and consumers.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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digital age, social media influencers, decision-making processes through trust, authenticity, social proof, and targeted content.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inclusive education in Ashram schools should transcend mere enrolment to empower marginalized students with holistic development opportunities. This 2017 study from Satara district identifies best practices and examines the aspirations of students in government-aided Ashram schools. It critically analyzes infrastructural and systemic gaps that hinder inclusive growth. Based on field observations, stakeholder interviews, and comparative data, the study proposes targeted policy recommendations, especially regarding physical infrastructure, student well-being, and modern educational resources, to create equitable, aspirational environments.

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Inclusive education, Ashram schools, student aspirations, infrastructure improvement, best practices

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Industrial facilities are characterized by a high density of inductive loads, such as induction motors and transformers, which draw lagging reactive power. This results in a low power factor (PF), leading to increased apparent power, elevated line losses, poor voltage regulation, and reduced system capacity. Utility providers impose financial penalties on consumers whose PF falls below a stipulated threshold (typically 0.90-0.95). This paper presents the design, implementation, and validation of a microcontroller-based Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC) unit to mitigate these penalties. The system continuously monitors the load PF using zero-crossing detection of voltage and current waveforms. An AVR or 8051 microcontroller processes these signals, calculates the instantaneous PF, and automatically engages optimal combinations of capacitor banks via relay drivers to inject leading reactive power, thereby bringing the PF close to unity. The hardware design incorporates a single-phase power supply, potential and current transformers for measurement, and a capacitor bank for compensation. Experimental results demonstrate the system's efficacy in improving PF from values as low as 0.67 to above 0.95, effectively avoiding penalty charges. The system offers a cost-effective, reliable, and automated solution for enhancing energy efficiency in industrial power consumption.

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Power Factor, Automatic Power Factor Correction (APFC), Microcontroller, Capacitor Bank, Reactive Power, Industrial Penalty, Zero-Crossing Detector

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Business Intelligence (BI) platforms succeed only when users trust the data behind them, yet many organizations struggle with inconsistencies caused by siloed Master Data Management (MDM) and Data Warehousing (DW) systems. This article explores how governance-driven architectures can unify MDM and DW to deliver trustworthy analytics across BI platforms such as Power BI, Tableau, and Qlik. It begins by clarifying the complementary roles of MDM and DW, then highlights the risks of siloed implementations that lead to duplicate records, inconsistent KPIs, and reduced user confidence. The article argues that governance serves as the unifying force, providing accountability, metadata management, and compliance frameworks that ensure consistency across platforms. A case study demonstrates how a global enterprise unified its MDM and DW to eliminate inconsistencies and improve BI adoption. The article concludes by exploring future directions such as AI-driven governance, metadata-driven architectures, and real-time unification.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Business Intelligence (BI) platforms succeed only when users trust the data behind them, yet many organizations struggle with inconsistencies caused by siloed Master Data Management (MDM) and Data Warehousing (DW) systems. This article explores how governance-driven architectures can unify MDM and DW to deliver trustworthy analytics across BI platforms such as Power BI, Tableau, and Qlik. It begins by clarifying the complementary roles of MDM and DW, then highlights the risks of siloed implement

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Prolonged consumption of large quantities of mushrooms has led to toxicity, with toxins being the primary cause of most deaths related to mushroom poisoning. Consequently, the search for new active compounds from mushrooms has become crucial. In this study, ethanol extraction was performed on fresh fruiting bodies, and assays were conducted using commercially available onions. Observations were made from squash preparations with acetocarmine. The mitotic index, following treatment with varying concentrations of different Pleurotus extracts, showed a steady increase, except at higher concentrations of ethyl acetate. Chromosome stickiness during prophase was noted after treatment with concentrations. This stickiness was also observed at higher concentrations in Pleurotus. During metaphase, unoriented chromosomes frequently appeared after exposure to 1.5 and 2 percent of all fractions. Metaphase stickiness was induced to varying degrees at 1, 1.5, and 2 percent concentrations. Anaphase bridges were observed with higher concentrations of fractions. The study indicated that Pleurotus extracts exhibited some toxicity levels at comparable concentrations. It was concluded that prolonged and excessive use of Pleurotus might lead to chromosomal toxicity.

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Pleurotus, Cytotoxicity, Chromosome, Aberrations, Ethyl acetate, Allium cepa L.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition