Volume 4 | Issue 1 |

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Aluminium, Knee-implants, Material engineering ,Review analysis, Meta Analysis,

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Licence: creative commons attribution 4.0

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Aluminium, Orthopedic-implants, Material engineering, Review analysis, Meta Analysis.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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alization for instance right to equality and other s

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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To understand regionalism, we need to know various dimensions of the region. Region as a geographical unit, is delimited form each other. Region as a social system, reflects the relation between different human beings and groups. Regions are an organised cooperation in cultural, economic, political or military fields. Region acts as a subject with distinct identity, language, culture and tradition. Regionalism is an ideology and political movement that seeks to advance the causes of regions. As a process it plays role within the nation as well as outside the

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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es of regions. As a process

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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In this paper, we present the efficient content based image retrieval systems which employ the color, texture and shape information of images to facilitate the retrieval process. For efficient feature extraction, we extract the color, texture and shape feature of images automatically using edge detection which is widely used in signal processing and image compression. For facilitated the speedy retrieval we are implements the antipole-tree algorithm for indexing the images.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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CONTENT BASED IMAGE INDEXING AND RETRIEVAL

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Inefficient manual irrigation practices in the agricultural sector often lead to significant water wastage, which can cause excessive soil moisture and damage to crops. The integration of automated control systems is crucial for enhancing operational efficiency and productivity. This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless load control system utilizing Dual-Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) technology to automate agricultural irrigation. The system allows a user to remotely control water pumps and lamps via a mobile phone by transmitting DTMF tones during a phone call. These tones are decoded by a DTMF decoder (MT8870) and processed by an Arduino Uno microcontroller, which actuates the connected loads through a 4-channel relay module. A single-phase distribution board, equipped with appropriate protection devices like a Residual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB) and Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB), was constructed to safely power the loads. The system was successfully tested, demonstrating reliable control over a significant geographical range, with a successful signal reception recorded from over 400 km away. The results confirm that this DTMF-based system provides a robust, cost-effective, and scalable solution for remote agricultural automation, with potential applications in home and industrial automation.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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DTMF, Remote Control, Arduino, Irrigation System, Agricultural Automation, Relay.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of plyometric training and circuit training on agility among Kho-Kho players. A total of 60 male Kho-Kho players aged between 16-24 years, who had represented intercollegiate tournaments in Kadapa district, were randomly assigned into three groups: Experimental Group I (plyometric training, n=20), Experimental Group II (circuit training, n=20), and Control Group (n=20). Agility was assessed using standardized agility tests at pre- and post-intervention stages. The training programs for the experimental groups were conducted for 12 weeks, three sessions per week. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA to assess significant differences among groups, with the level of significance fixed at 0.05. The results revealed that the pre-test means for agility were 37.00 (plyometric), 36.23 (circuit), and 36.87 (control), with no significant difference (F=0.17, p>0.05). The post-test means improved to 40.50 (plyometric), 40.01 (circuit), and 37.01 (control), with significant differences among the groups (F=4.89, p<0.05). Adjusted post-test means were 40.32 (plyometric), 40.30 (circuit), and 36.91 (control), yielding a highly significant F value of 10.82 (p<0.05). Post hoc analysis indicated that both plyometric training and circuit training groups showed significantly greater improvement in agility compared to the control group (MD=3.41 and 3.39, respectively), while no significant difference was observed between plyometric and circuit training groups (MD=0.02). The findings confirm that both plyometric training and circuit training are effective in improving agility among Kho-Kho players. However, neither method proved superior to the other, suggesting that coaches can incorporate either training modality into conditioning programs to enhance agility performance in this sport.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Plyometric Training, Circuit Training, Agility and Kho-Kho.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of structured resistance training and varied weight training on agility among male handball players and their age ranged between 17-21 years . Sixty players (N=60) were randomly divided into three groups of twenty: Group I underwent structured resistance training, Group II performed varied weight training, and Group III served as the control. The experimental groups followed their respective training protocols for 12 weeks, and agility was assessed using standardized testing before and after the intervention. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed a significant difference among the groups (F = 8.04, p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis indicated that the structured resistance training group (Adjusted Mean = 10.42) demonstrated significantly greater improvements in agility compared to both the varied weight training group (Adjusted Mean = 10.66, MD = 0.24) and the control group (Adjusted Mean = 10.73, MD = 0.31). No significant difference was observed between the varied weight training and control groups (MD = 0.07). These findings suggest that while both training modalities positively influenced agility, structured resistance training was more effective in enhancing change-of-direction performance. Coaches and trainers are encouraged to prioritize structured resistance-based protocols for optimal agility development in handball players.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Structured resistance training, Varied weight training, Agility and Handball players,.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Abstract

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Circuit Training, Training Intensity, Passing Skill and Volleyball Players

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

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Shoulder strength plays a crucial role in tennis performance, particularly for generating power in serves and overhead strokes. This study investigated the effect of plyometric and core training on shoulder strength among forty-five male intercollegiate tennis players aged 18-21 years, who were randomly assigned into three groups: plyometric training (n=15), core training (n=15), and control (n=15). The experimental groups underwent 12 weeks of training, three sessions per week, while the control group continued routine practice. Pre-test analysis revealed no significant differences among groups (Core: 31.10, Plyometric: 31.97, Control: 29.63; F = 1.34, p > 0.05). Post-test results showed significant improvements in both experimental groups compared to the control (Core: 36.80, Plyometric: 36.07, Control: 30.40; F = 12.99, p < 0.05), with adjusted post-test means further confirming these differences (Core: 36.63, Plyometric: 35.15, Control: 31.49; F = 38.88, p < 0.05). Post hoc analysis indicated that core training produced the greatest gains in shoulder strength (MD vs Control = 5.14; MD vs Plyometric = 1.49), while plyometric training also outperformed the control group (MD = 3.66). The findings conclude that both plyometric and core training significantly enhance shoulder strength, with core training proving more effective, suggesting that incorporating core-based protocols alongside plyometric exercises may optimize performance and reduce injury risk in tennis players.

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition

 Keywords

plyometric training , core training , shoulder strength and tennis players

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Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 and The Open Definition